Chapter 1

A roll of aluminum has a mass of 1.05 kg. What is its mass in pounds? (1 lb = 453.6 g)

2.3 lbs.

Vanillin (used to flavor vanilla ice cream and other foods) is the substance whose aroma the human nose detects in the smallest amount. The threshold limit is (2.0 × 10 ^ −11) g per liter of air. If the current price of 50.0 g of vanillin is $108, determine the cost to supply enough vanillin so that the aroma could be detected in a large aircraft hangar with a volume of (4.01 × 10^7) ft^3.

($0.05)

The volume of a room is (1.25 × 10^8) dm^3. What is the volume in m^3?

(1.25 × 10^5) m^3

If the average speed of a helium atom at a certain temperature is 1180 m/s, what is the speed in miles per hour? (1 mi = 1609 m)

(2.64 x 10^3) mi/h

In determining the density of a rectangular metal bar, a student made the following measurements: length, 8.53 cm; width, 2.4 cm; height, 1.0 cm; mass, 52.7064 g. Calculate the density of the metal to the correct number of significant figures.

(2.6g) / cm^3

Carry out the following conversion and report the answer using scientific notation. 34.93 miles to centimeters

(5.62 x 10^6) cm

A cylindrical glass tube 11.9 cm in length is filled with mercury (density = 13.6 g/mL). (The volume of a cylinder of radius r and length h is (V=πr2h) .) The mass of mercury needed to fill the tube is 105.8 g. Calculate the inner diameter of the tube.

.912 cm

Which of the following statements describe chemical properties? 1. Oxygen gas supports combustion. 2. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass. 3. Fertilizers help to increase agricultural production. 4. Water boils below 100°C on top of a mountain. 5. Lead is denser than aluminum.

1. Oxygen gas supports combustion. 2. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass. 3. Fertilizers help to increase agricultural production.

Three apprentice tailors (X, Y, and Z) are assigned the task of measuring the seam of a pair of trousers. Each one makes three measurements. The results in inches are X (32.5, 32.6, 32.4); Y (33.8, 33.3, 33.7); Z (32.9, 33.2, 33.1). The true length is 33.0 in. Comment on the precision and the accuracy of each tailor's measurements. 1. Most Accurate 2. Least Accurate 3. Most Precise 4. Least Precise

1. Z 2. Y 3. X 4. Y

The temperature on the surface of the sun is about 6300°C. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? Give your answer to 2 significant digits.

1.1 x 10^4

Ethylene glycol is a liquid organic compound that is used as an antifreeze in car radiators. It freezes at −11.5°C. Calculate its freezing temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

11.3

Which of the following describe chemical (not physical) changes? 1. A spoonful of table salt dissolves in a bowl of soup. 2. The growth of plants depends upon the sun's energy in a process - - called photosynthesis. 3. A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally goes out due to a - - dying battery. 4. The helium gas inside a balloon tends to leak out after a few hours. 5. Frozen orange juice is reconstituted by adding water to it.

2. The growth of plants depends upon the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. 3. A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally goes out due to a dying battery.

The ignition temperature of paper is 451°F. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius?

233

Normally the human body can endure an internal temperature of 105°F for only short periods of time without permanent damage to the brain and other vital organs. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius?

40.5

Express the following numbers in scientific notation. Make sure you use the correct number of significant figures. (a) 0.000000027 (b) 356 (c) 47,764 (d) 0.096

a = (2.7 x 10 ^ -8) b = (3.56 x 10 ^ 2) c = (4.7764 x 10 ^ 4) d = (9.6 x 10 ^ -2)

Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements: (a) 17 mL (b) 5101 g (c) 0.0810 m^3 (d) (5.5 × 10^3) molecules (e) 590 kg

a = 2 b = 4 c = 3 d = 2 e = 2

When the following arithmetic operations are carried out and the answers are rounded off to the appropriate number of significant figures, how many significant figures will there be? (a) 26.5862 L + 0.13 L (b) 9.1 g − 1.335 g (c) (5.1 × 10^4) dm × (2.2654 × 10^2) dm (d) 4.71 g/86.3702 mL (e) (8.61 × 10^4 m) − (8.62 × 10^3 m)

a = 4 b = 2 c = 2 d = 3 e = 3

A slow jogger runs a mile in 11 minutes. Calculate the speed in: (a) in/s (b) m/min (c) km/h

a = 96 b = 150 c = 8.8

Classify unopened sparkling cider as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture.

homogenous mixture