Chapter 1: Nutrition LS

true or false: vitamins provide usable calories for the body

false

lipids contain *blank* calories per gram than carbohydrates

more

alkaloids

stimulant effects

problems associated with irrigation systems include

water runoff can carry away topsoil; pesticides from runoff can pollute waterways

the alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary material is called

bioengineering

a specific way that people can change their eating habits in order to improve their health is to

eat fewer salty foods

essential nutrients

iron; glucose; water

*blank* is the study of how the body uses nutrients

nutrition

choose the food that is energy dense but provides some nutrition

nuts

the endosperm is mostly

starch

all of the following statements about food and supplements are true except

a good supplement can adequately replace a diet filled with a variety of whole foods

medical nutrition therapies are

diets prescribed by physicians for chronic health conditions

almost 50 nutrients are considered

essential

the body gets nutrients from

food

a centimeter is

one hundredth of a meter

choose factors that are most likely to influence food choices

peers; mood; religious beliefs

what does the scientific study of nutrition include?

the chemicals necessary for body functioning; how the body uses nutrients; nutrients

common usage aside, which of the following statements are technically accurate?

1 kilocalorie = 1 Calorie; i kilocalorie = 1000 calories

the top two leading causes of death to Americans are

heart disease; cancer

who has more body weight?

men

what is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?

5 kcal

which of the following best described a kilocalorie?

a unit describing the energy content of food

which term best describes a person's usual pattern of food choices

diet

how many kcal per gram do lipids contain?

9

lipids contain *blank* kcal per gram

9

choose the statements about alcohol that are true

alcohol is not a nutrient; pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram; alcohol provides energy

no specific food contains *blank* the nutrients needed by the body

all of

if a vitamin, amino acid, herb, or mineral is solid, it is considered a *blank* supplement

dietary

lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes

dietary practices; use of drugs; physical activity habits

vitamins, minerals, water, and amino acids are all examples of

essential nutrients

most foods contain a mixture of

fat; carbs; protein

*blank* is the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells

metabolism

examples of foods that are nutrient dense and energy dense are

nuts; peanut butter; whole milk

which of the following would be considered a risk factor for a chronic disease?

obesity; physical inactivity; genetic background; smoking

purpose of UNICEF is to

provide high-quality food for undernourished populations

which of the following statements are true?

to eat well, we need to learn the effects nutrition has on our health; humans have no internal drive that motivates us to choose a healthy diet

choose the contents of "Plumpy'nut," a nutrient dense paste made for undernourished children in developing countries

vitamins and minerals; oil and sugar; peanuts; powdered milk

to increase the volume of infant formula, parents of children in poor countries will give their children formula diluted with

water

which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

water

which of the following foods would be considered a provider of empty calories?

sugar-sweetened soft drinks; pastries; alcohol

which of the following statements are true about the best way to get nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet?

base your diet on a variety of "whole" and minimally processed foods

which of the following are the major classes of nutrients?

lipids; carbs; water

the prefix that means 1/1000 is

milli (0.001)

beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene are examples of phytochemicals that may

reduce the risk of certain cancers and reduce the risk of macular degeneration

which of the following is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?

scurvy

how many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?

seven

the most likely time for the possibility of nutrient toxicity to become a concern would be when

taking a megadose of a vitamin or supplement

choose the correct statements about genetically modified crop9s

there is no scientific evidence that genetically modified crops are harmful to the environment; there is no scientific evidence that indicates genetically modified crops are unsafe for humans to consume

which statements are true when comparing nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women?

they have similar amounts of carbs, minerals, and vitamins

true or false: nuts are an example of a food that is energy dense but does not contain empty calories

true

poor eating habits contribute to the development of

type 2 diabetes; some types of cancer; heart disease; excess body fat

it is difficult to keep up with new information on nutrition science, often confusing the public, because

what we learn is constantly evolving; recommendations undergo revisions when new evidence is revealed; we expect medical experts to have definitive answers that do not change

bioengineering techniques involve specific methods that directly change an animal or plant's

DNA

the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can happen to it is called

chemistry

the effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following stages of rapid growth

childhood; pregnancy; infancy

how is a disease classified when a disease takes many years to develop and has complex causes?

chronic

carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all

classes of nutrients

dietary moderation can be achieved by

consuming food in reasonable amounts; obtaining nutrients from the food one eats

potential problems associated with undernutrition during pregnancy include

death of mother; premature births

what occurs when an essential nutrient is missing from the diet?

deficiency disease will occur

which of the following are examples of risk factors?

heredity; smoking; nutritional habits

true or false: all foods have nutritional value

true

true or false: on a food label, a Calorie is really a kilocalorie

true

soft drinks are considered empty calorie foods, but even sugar sweetened soft drinks provide

water; energy

what term describes the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally?

physiological dose

water function

regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances

a kilogram equals 1000 grams or about *blank* pounds

2.2

what constant is used to convert inches to centimeters?

2.54 cm

minerals function

regulation fo fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messengers, structural and functional components of various substances and tissues

how much of a nutrient needs to be consumed for it to be considered a megadose?

the amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient

additional ways to solve some problems created by conventional agriculture methods are to

eat less meat; use irrigation systems that drip water to the plant base

nutrient toxicity may result from

eating large amounts of foods that are fortified; taking megadoses of a supplement

what term describes a food or beverage that is a poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value?

empty-calorie

lipids function

energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins

households that include members that worry about running out of food or not having enough money to buy food are considered

food insecure

in developing countries, poor sanitation and the lack of clean cooking and drinking water cause

majority of all diseases

what are the circumstances that will motivate a person to improve ingrained food-related behaviors?

motivated to improve health; desire to gain/lose weight

carotenoids

reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

what is produces when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?

white flour

by eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods you are likely to

eat a safe amount of each nutrient; obtain adequate amounts of the nutrients your body needs

the major role of carbs is to provide the body with

energy

factors that influence food choices include

flavor; education; advertising

which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the US

living in poverty; anorexia nervosa; chronic alcoholism

babies born to mothers undernourished during their pregnancy may suffer from

low birth weight

vitamins function

maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components

glycosides

may kill certain microbes

supplements may

not contain phytochemicals; include nutrients that may be less available than those in food; not contain all the nutrients needed by the human body

what term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?

nutrient-dense

the amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called the *blank* dose

physiological

choose the statements that are true about essential nutrients

the body does not make enough of the nutrient to meet the body's needs or does not make the nutrient; essential nutrients must be supplied by food

breast milk is considered the best food for young infants because

it is sanitary; it provides immunity; it is nutritionally adequate

special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called

medical nutrition therapies

what system of measurement is used in nutrition?

metric

consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food is defined as dietary

moderations

humans *blank*

need to learn about the nutritional value of food to eat well; need to learn about the effects of food on their health to eat well

pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by a risk of

niacin

what classes provide the body with energy?

proteins; carbs; lipids

the term used to describe farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment is called *blank* agriculture

sustainable

complaints that are difficult to measure such as dizziness, fatigue, and headache are

symptoms

which definition below describes a milligram?

1/1000 of a gram

choose the chronic diseases in which dietary factors contribute to the disease's development

kidney disease; stroke; Alzheimer's disease; cancer

compared to the past, today's typical American consumes

less red meat, milk, and eggs; more fish, cheese, and poultry; more refined products

by making certain changes, a person may

lessen the severity of a disease; forestall the development of certain diseases

a food with 120 kcal from protein, has about *blank* grams of protein

120/4 = 30 kcal

choose the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2030 for Nutrition and Weight Status

increase fruit intake among people who are 2 years of age and older; reduce the proportion of obese adults; increase whole grain intake among people who are 2 years of age and older

reducing one's risk for heart disease and/or cancer can be achieved by

limiting alcohol intake; avoiding tobacco exposure; maintaining a healthy weight

which of the following nutrients function by regulating body processes and providing energy for the body?

lipids; proteins

organosulfides

antioxidant effects, may improve immune system functioning

which of the following protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?

antioxidants

which of the following are the key features of essential nutrient?

reintroduction of the nutrient after a deficiency disease develops will resolve the disease; the nutrient's role in the body can be explained by scientists; a deficiency disease occurs if the nutrient is missing from the diet

a cell is the name of the *blank* living functional unit in an organism

smallest

to achieve nutritional adequacy one should consume a variety of foods from the following food groups

whole grains; fruits and vegetables

what is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

91 kcal

the body breaks food down into *blank* such as carbs, fat and protein

nutrients

which statements are true when comparing nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women?

women have less water and protein and more fat

finding a solution to the world food crisis is a purpose of

UNICEF