Chapter 10: Instrumentation, Equipment, and Supplies; Short Answer: Equipment

What three sources are used to generate the cold temperature in a cryotherapy unit?

1) Liquid Nitrogen 2) Freon 3) Carbon Dioxide

Identify the three possible power sources for power tools used in the OR. When passing the power tool, what position is the safety switch in?

1) Nitrogen 2) Electricity 3) Battery The off position when passing

Which illuminator projects cooler light, thereby protecting tissues from excessive heat?

Coaxial illuminators

When using a pulse lavage irrigator, what protection must the surgical team use?

Splash guard may be used on the tip, or a circular shield placed on the hand control.

Which nerves can be identified using a nerve stimulator during surgery?

Seventh cranial nerve (facial)

Operating room (OR) lights: (A) What is the depth of focus that the OR lights should be set at? (B) Describe how to turn the OR lights on and off. (C) Why is it important to be careful when turning OR lights on and off?

(A) 10-12 inches (B) Controlled by a wall-mounted fixture with a dimmer and an on/off switch, lights should not be turned off until the dimmer has been turned down. (C) Helps prevent the expensive light bulbs from blowing out.

Insufflators: (A) What kind of gas does the laparoscopic insufflator use? (B) How is the gas initially introduced?

(A) Carbon Dioxide (B) A verres needle or a Hasson blunt trocar

Microscope (fill in the blanks/complete the sentences) (A) The objective lens and eyepieces are called _____ and the objective lens focal length ranges from ____ to ____ mm. (B) The distance of the lens from the target tissue is referred to as the (focal length) _____ _____ (C) Focusing is controlled by a(n) ______ _____ or _____ _____ (D) Two possible attachments to the microscope are the ______ and _____ (E) To match the original field of view seen by the surgeon, a camera or second set of binoculars requires a ______ ______

(A) Oculars; 100; 400 (B) Working Distance (C) Foot pedal; Hand control (D) Laser; Camera (E) Beam splitter

Identify the types of motion: (A) An oscillating saw uses a(n) _____ motion. (B) A reciprocating saw uses a(n) _____ motion. (C) A drill, driver, or reamer uses a(n) _____ motion.

(A) Side to side (B) Back and forth (C) Rapid rotary

Tourniquets: (A) When using a tourniquet, what item(s) may be used to exsanguinate the arm? (B) What is the appropriate tourniquet pressure setting? (C) What are the potential complications of tourniquet use? (D) Identify the maximum time recommended for tourniquet inflation. What should be done if the surgery exceeds the time limit?

(A) The use of gravity and/or an esmarch bandage (B) Upper extremities: 30-70 mm Hg, Lower extremities: 100-150 mm Hg. (C) Blistering, bruising, pinching, or necrosis of the skin (D) Upper extremities: 60 minutes, Lower extremities: 120 minutes; The tourniquet should be temporarily deflated periodically to permit limb reperfusion.

How many suction units are required for each OR? How is suction tubing secured to the drape?

Minimum of 2; With a non-penetrating towel clamp

What type of power source uses a pressure gauge on a regulator?

Nitrogen

What is the purpose of sequential compression devices on a patient's legs?

Prevent venous stasis, thereby reducing risk of developing a DVT and possible PE in the leg.

What type of energy is used by a phaco-emulsifier to fragment the lens? How is the lens removed? Updated transducers use what type of energy?

Ultrasonic; Removed by an irrigator/aspirator; Ultrasonic