chapter 11-14

____ is a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

A disability

Which of the following is a difference between a diversity program and an affirmative action program?

A diversity program aims at creating a positive work environment where no one is advantaged or disadvantaged, whereas an affirmative action program aims at compensating for past discrimination.

To fill a vacancy for the post of a picture library assistant at Brentedith Museum, the museum's recruitment team laid down the following job requirements for candidates: passion for pictures; interest in current affairs, history, and world issues; good communication skills; and good customer service skills. In this scenario, which of the following selection tests should the museum's recruitment team conduct to find the right candidate?

A specific ability test

In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following is a similarity between leaders using the team management leadership style and leaders using the authority-compliance leadership style?

Both have a high concern for production

____ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

Expectancy theory

A disadvantage of phased retirement is that it increases a company's hiring and training costs.

False

According to research results, older workers are more likely to use drugs and alcohol at work.

False

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, middle-of-the-road style occurs when leaders show a high concern for production and a low concern for people

False

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, middle-of-the-road style occurs when leaders show a high concern for production and a low concern for people.

False

Adverse impact is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

False

Affirmative action programs guarantee workplace diversity.

False

Companies use early retirement incentive programs (ERIPs) to increase the number of employees in an organization

False

Directive leadership is very similar to considerate leader behavior.

False

Downsizing is the loss of employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.

False

Extraversion is the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, or excitable.

False

Extrinsic rewards are given to motivate people to look for better jobs outside a company

False

In general, most companies try to keep the rate of employee turnover high

False

In the context of motivation, initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs.

False

In unstructured interviews, interviewers ask only for important, job-related information.

False

It is unlawful to hire private investigators to conduct background checks on job applicants.

False

Managers should reduce employees' outcomes to restore equity.

False

McClelland's Learned Needs Theory suggests that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs

False

McClelland's Learned Needs Theory suggests that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

False

The access and legitimacy paradigm is consistent with achieving organizational plurality.

False

The glass ceiling is the invisible barrier that prevents older employees from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

False

When managers give administrative feedback, they are acting as coaches.

False

Wrongful discharge is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave an organization

False

Which of the following statements is true of phased retirement?

It allows companies to retain experienced, valuable workers.

How does Fiedler's contingency theory differ from other situational theories?

It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change.

Which of the following is true of supportive leadership?

It involves being approachable to employees and treating them as equals.

Which of the following is true of diversity pairing?

It is aimed at changing stereotypical beliefs and attitudes.

In the context of performance appraisal, which of the following is true of developmental feedback?

It is designed to improve future performance.

Which of the following is an advantage of a structured interview?

It reduces the chances that interviewers will ask questions about topics that violate employment laws.

Which of the following is a trait difference between leaders and nonleaders?

Leaders display more honesty and integrity than nonleaders.

Which of the following is a function of leaders?

Leaders inspire people and take a long-term view.

Fiedler uses a questionnaire called the _____ scale to measure leadership style.

Least Preferred Coworker

In the context of motivation, identify a difference between lower-order needs and higher-order needs.

Lower-order needs are concerned with physiological and existence requirements, whereas higher-order needs are concerned with esteem, self-actualization, and growth.

Which of the following steps is a manager most likely to take if he or she is using goal-setting theory as a motivational tool for his or her employees?

Making sure workers truly accept organizational goals

Which of the following is a reason for smaller representation of minority groups in management positions?

Most companies do not prefer hiring candidates of minority groups.

Which of the following strategies should be used by companies to minimize sex discrimination?

Pairing promising female executives with senior executives for mentoring

Which of the following steps can managers take to use equity theory to motivate employees?

Reducing employees' inputs

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory ?

Referents

According to Maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization needs

Which of the following is an example of adverse impact, a criterion used in determining whether companies have engaged in discriminatory hiring and promotion practices?

Sixty percent of the questions on a competitive exam taken by blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese were on African American history, and most of the candidates who passed the test were black.

____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization.

Strategic leadership

In the context of reinforcement theory, reinforcement contingencies directly affect the attractiveness of rewards.

TRUE

The first selection devices that most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are application forms and résumés.

TRUE

Which of the following is true of transformational leaders?

They are able to make their followers feel that they are a vital part of their organization.

In the context of locus of control as a subordinate contingency, which of the following is true of externals?

They believe that what happens to them is caused by forces outside their control.

Which of the following is a drawback of transactional leadership?

Transactional leaders often rely too heavily on discipline or threats to bring performance up to standards.

360-degree feedback is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves .

True

According to goal-setting theory, managers should assign challenging goals to motivate employees

True

According to goal-setting theory, managers should assign challenging goals to motivate employees.

True

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, an impoverished leader shows little concern for people or production and does the bare minimum needed to keep his or her job.

True

Charismatic leaders communicate high performance expectations to followers and display confidence in followers' abilities.

True

Coaching and mentoring are helpful for reinforcing other kinds of training and for trainees who benefit from support and personal encouragement.

True

Employees who perceive layoff procedures to be fair tend to continue to support and trust their employers.

True

Employment references include the names of previous employers or coworkers of an applicant.

True

In self-appraisals, employees carefully assess their own strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures in writing.

True

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory, Fiedler assumes that the favorableness of a situation for a leader depends on the degree to which the situation permits the leader to influence the behavior of group members.

True

In the context of downsizing, outplacement services often include advice and training in preparing résumés.

True

In the context of job performance, customer complaints are an objective performance measure.

True

Like other major human resource decisions, employee termination decisions should be made on the basis of job-related factors.

True

Managers should verify the information collected via résumés and application forms by comparing it with additional information collected during interviews and other stages of the selection process.

True

The passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Title VII has decreased incidences of racial and ethnic discrimination in the United States.

True

There is no federal law or agency to oversee diversity in organizations.

True

Vague selection and promotion criteria allow decision makers to focus on nonjob-related characteristics that may unintentionally lead to employment discrimination.

True

With fixed interval reinforcement schedules, consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed

True

In the context of employment discrimination, which of the following is a difference between disparate treatment and adverse impact?

Unlike disparate impact, adverse impact is unintentional discrimination

In the context of pay-structure decisions, which of the following is a difference between hierarchical pay structures and compressed pay structures?

Unlike hierarchical pay structures, the basic idea behind compressed pay structures is that similar pay levels should lead to higher levels of cooperation and better group and team performance

Which of the following is a difference between extrinsic rewards and intrinsic rewards?

Unlike intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards are offered to employees by the management for doing something well.

In the context of equity theory, which of the following is a difference between underreward and overreward?

Unlike overreward, underreward occurs when a referent's outcome/input ratio is better than one's own outcome/input ratio.

The purpose of _____ is to provide equal opportunities to all, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

affirmative action programs

Unlike leaders, managers:

are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others.

According to late business professor Warren Bennis, leaders differ from managers in that leaders _____.

are concerned with doing the right thing

____ includes both the financial and nonfinancial rewards that organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

In the context of deep-level diversity, a(n) _____ is the tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

The top management of a company decided to lay off about 20 percent of its employees to cope with the financial loss the company incurred over the year. This scenario is an example of _____.

involuntary separation

In the context of equity theory, pay, fringe benefits, status symbols, and job titles and assignments are examples of _____.

outcomes

In the context of motivation, _____ is concerned with the choices that people make about how long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or eliminating those efforts.

persistence of effort

In the context of deep-level diversity, _____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes individuals different from each other.

personality

A female worker is working late hours at her office. Her manager approaches her on the pretext of inquiring about work updates. He casually turns the conversation into a personal one and starts touching her and making explicit remarks about her body. The female worker reacts furiously and tells the manager that she is going to take this issue to the human resources department. The manager feels intimidated and threatens her that if she files any complaints, her appraisal will be affected. This case is an example of _____.

quid pro quo sexual harassment

In the context of motivation theories, _____ is defined as the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior

reinforcement

In the context of motivation theories, _____ is defined as the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

reinforcement

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory, the term _____ refers to the degree to which a particular condition either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

_____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

training

360-degree feedback is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves .

true

Coaching and mentoring are helpful for reinforcing other kinds of training and for trainees who benefit from support and personal encouragement

true

Job evaluation determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.

true

In the context of leadership styles, relationship-oriented leaders with high Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scores are better leaders:

under moderately favorable situations.

Which of the following is an external recruitment method?

walk-ins

In the context of equity theory, _____ are the contributions employees make to their organization.

inputs

Which of the following statements exemplifies Fiedler's contingency theory?

Assigning a customer service manager position to a person who has exceptional skills in interacting with customers

When people perceive that they have been underrewarded, they tend to:

experience anger or frustration.

Employment reference is a recruitment method wherein employees of a company recommend qualified friends, relatives, or colleagues for a job vacancy in the company.

false

In contrast to quid pro quo cases, a hostile work environment results in economic injury.

false

In general, most companies try to keep the rate of employee turnover high.

false

It is unlawful to hire private investigators to conduct background checks on job applicants.

false

Wrongful discharge is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave an organization.

false

According to _____, goals energize behavior and also create tension between the goal, which is the desired future state of affairs, and where the employee or company is now, meaning the current state of affairs.

goal-setting theory