chapter 11 review questions

Cross-cultural research on memory has demonstrated that: a) specific strategies for remembering are not universal. b) memory strategies are not affected by cultural variations. c) across cultures, people use similar memory strategies. d) only children in cultures where they attend school use memory strategies.

a

Despite the fact that both rows have six buttons, Monroe thinks there are more buttons in the row that is spread further apart than in the row that is spaced closely together. The reason Monroe is focused on the length of the rows rather than the number of buttons is called: a) a lack of conservation. b) object permanence. c) animism. d) formal operations.

a

EEG studies indicate that the speed with which children's brains can respond to complex stimuli: a) increases gradually during middle childhood. b) decreases gradually during middle childhood. c) increases very quickly during middle childhood. d) stays the same during middle childhood.

a

Tremaine is 4. If his weight is average for children in the United States, Tremaine weighs about _____ pounds. a) 36 b) 42 c) 31 d) 45

a

Which statement concerning height is MOST accurate? a) Illness can restrict growth, but typically there is a catch-up period afterwards provided that there is adequate nutrition. b) Illness typically does not hinder growth. c) Height is solely the result of nutrition during the formative years. d) Height is unrelated to environmental factors.

a

Daneisha is given peaches and plums. When asked whether she has more peaches or more fruits, she responds, "I have more fruits." Daneisha is using the logical concept of: a) reversibility. b) classification. c) compensation. d) identity.

b

Iris is 6. If her weight is average for children in the United States, Iris weighs about _____ pounds. a) 49 b) 45 c) 40 d) 36

b

Manny is 7 years old and is participating in a study at the local university on memory. He is shown a number of objects and then asked to remember them once they are taken away. This is an example of a memory task known as a _____ task. a) memory span b) free recall c) serial recall d) elaboration

b

Nate is going to the grocery store to pick up a few things. He refuses to write a list, but instead repeats the eight items he intends to buy over and over in his head on the way to the store. This is an example of: a) encoding. b) rehearsal. c) memory organization. d) elaboration.

b

The discoveries of Robert Yerkes were controversial because: a) they revealed that the average mental age of Anglo Americans is 13.7. b) they seemed to suggest that some people are born smarter than others. c) they proved that the poor and those from ethnic minorities are inherently inferior. d) they proved that the majority of men tested were of subnormal intelligence.

b

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks: a) a sense of object permanence. b) the concept of conservation. c) the capacity for habituation. d) classification

b

Who said, "No society could function at the preoperational stage, and to suggest that a majority of any people are at that level is nonsense almost by definition"? a) Usha Goswami b) Gustav Jahoda c) Pierre Dasen d) Jean Piaget

b

During middle childhood, size and strength: a) increase little. b) increase significantly, at about the same rate as during early childhood. c) increase significantly, though more slowly than during early childhood. d) increase significantly, and more rapidly than during early childhood.

c

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of: a) formal operations. b) reversibility. c) conservation. d) object permanence.

c

In Harrison and colleagues' Six-Cs model, _____ would be the target if an intervention were designed to change elementary school lunches. a)cell b) child c) community d) clan

c

The _____ is a group of brain structures often described as the emotional brain. a) prefrontal cortex b) brainstem c) limbic system d) corpus callosum

c

The ability to think about and regulate one's own thought processes is referred to as: a) conservation. b) egocentrism. c) metacognition. d) compensation.

c

The modern assessment of intelligence began with _____'s concept of _____. a) Stern; mental age b) Stern; intelligence quotient c) Binet and Simon; mental age d) Binet and Simon; intelligence quotient

c

Which statement BEST summarizes the findings of how nutrition impacts a child's growth? a) Significant malnourishment appears to impact weight, but not height. b) Nutrition is only important to growth when thinking about the extreme situations (extreme poverty and extreme wealth). c) After an illness, with adequate nourishment, children typically have a catch-up period of growth to restore normal growth patterns. d) Children who have less access to nutritious food and good health care are usually heavier than their peers.

c

_____ intelligence is derived from tests involving tasks that require prior knowledge, but not reasoning.

crystallized

Alfred Binet is known for creating: a) the intelligence quotient. b) an assessment to identify gifted and talented children. c) the g-factor. d) a test for diagnosing mental subnormality.

d

As typically developing 9-year-olds in the United States, Ann probably outperforms Josh in _____, and Josh probably outperforms Ann in _____. a) swimming; running b) writing; hopping on one foot c) running; writing d) drawing; running

d

Five-year-old Jacob is playing with five green buttons and three white ones. His grandmother gives him two more green buttons. When she asks him whether he has more buttons, he answers: a) "Yes, but more white ones." b) "Yes." c) "No." d) "Yes, more green ones."

d

Kaya believes that it is unfair when her father takes two graham crackers for himself but only gives her one. Her father resolves this by breaking her graham cracker into two pieces. Kaya is now happy because they each have two pieces. Kaya's satisfaction BEST demonstrates: a) object permanence. b) animism. c) formal operations. d) a lack of conservation.

d

Marva is beginning adolescence. She is of average height for children in the United States. Marva MOST likely is _____ inches tall. a) 65 b) 54 c) 51 d) 60

d

Which feature of thinking is NOT typical of someone between the ages of 6 and 12 years? a) reversibility b) compensation c) decentration d) abstraction

d

Which statement is true concerning concepts of intelligence across cultures? a) Most cultures do not even have a word for intelligence. b) There is widespread similarity across cultures in the meaning of intelligence. c) The cognitive view of intelligence is unique to industrialized, Western societies. d) In many cultures, there is a social component to the meaning of intelligence.

d

The steady increase in IQ performance over the past 100 years is known as the _____effect.

flynn

Determining a child's MA (mental age) then dividing it by their CA (chronological age) will result in their _____.

intelligence quotient

When a child is able to divide their collection of stuffed animals into different groups based on type of animal, they are demonstrating the logical _____ of inclusion.

relation