Chapter 11

ventricles

Cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called?

increased

Collapse of cerebral blood vessesls and damage to brain tissue pressed against skull are consequences of _____ CSF pressure.

Parkinson

Decreased dopamine production i a brain area called the substantia nigra results in the disorder called _____ disease.

spinal nerves

Dorsal and ventral roots contain fibers of :

frontal

Higher intellectual processes, like concentration, planning and problem solving, are carried out by asspciation areas of the ______ lobes.

they bind to receptors and alter cell membranes

How do neurotransmitters exert their influence on cells?

supple motor impulses to skin and muscles of the neck, supply motor impulses to the diaphargm

Identify the function of the cervical plexuses:

collateral

In addition to the paravertebral ganglia, other sympathetic ganglia are found nearer the viscera they innervate. These ganglia are called ______ ganglia.

foramen magnum; L1-L2

In an adult, the spinal cord begins at the _____ and ends at vertebrae_____.

sleep problems, slowed responses and reflexes, fading memory

Indicate changes that occur with aging that are linked to changes in nervous system function.

autonomic motor fibers of cranial nerves autonomic fibers of spinal nerves

Internal organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, and intestines are innervated by....

diencephalon

The area of the brain called the ______ surrounds the third ventricle.

brainstem, hypthalamus, spinal cord

The autonomic nervous system controls activities of various internal organs via reflex centers in the ...

central

The brain and spinal cord comprise the ____ nervous system.

enlargements

Two areas of the spinal cord are thicker than the rest. These areas give rise to the nerve leading to the limbs. These areas are called the cervical and lumbar _____.

ridges of tissue

What are the gyri of the cerebrum?

superior sagittal sinus, ventricles of brain, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord

What areas is crebrospinal fluid (CSF) found?

transmit signals between the crebrun and medulla and crebrum and cerebellum, regulates breathing rate

Which are characteristics of the pons?

constriction of blood vessels in the brain; death of brain tissue as it is pressed into the skull

Which are consequences of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure?

regulates hunger and thirst and sleep cycles , stimulates pituitary gland

Which are functions of the hypothalamus

it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain , it is a center from many reflexes

Which are functions of the spinal cord?

sensory areas, association areas, motor areas

Which found in the cerebral cortex?

interneuron

Within a reflex arc, a neuron type called a (n) _____ lies between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron.

ascending; descending

Within the spinal cord, _____ tracts carry nerve impulses to the brain while ____ tracts carry nerve impulses from the brain to the periphery.

superficial

Within the spinal cord, the location of the white matter is described as being ____ to the gray matter.

midbrain, medulla, pons

indicate the components of the brainstem

dura, arachnoid, and pia

indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

indicate the names of the cerebral lobes.

away from then central nervous system, to an effector

motor neurons send impulses:

vision and hearing

senses are categorized into two main classes, special and general. special senses include:

electrical; structural

short-term memory is thought to be a ____ event, whereas long-term memory is thought to be a _____ process.

spinal cord

the _____ _____ is the structure that conducts nerve impulses between the periphery and the brain; it also acts as a reflex center.

periphearal

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves make up the _____ nervous system

antagonistic actions

typically the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system innervations at an organ have:

sensory

within a reflex are, the _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses from the receptor to the central nervous system

mixed

A ____ nerve contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers.

motor

A _____ nerve contains only efferent nerve fibers.

reflex

A rapid, automatic respnse to a stimulus is called a (N) ______.

twelve

A total of ______ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem.

postganglionic neuron and preganlionic neuron

An autonomic motor pathway consists of ____ and ____.

nerve fiber

An axon is also sometimes called a :

basal nuclei

Areas of gray matter found deep in the white matter of the cerebrum are called the _____ -______.

Left, right

Because of the crossing over of nerve tracts, the ____ side of the brain communicates with the _____ side of the body and vice versa.

parietal

Sensory cortical areas for temperature, touch, pressure and pain, and association areas for the understanding of speech are found in the _____ lobes of the cerebrum.

motor

Some viruses infect only motor neurons. Which types of nerves would be affected?

terminal

Synapsis between preganlionic and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system occurs in _____ ganglia near or within organs.

dura

The ____ mater is formed of dense connective tissue, is highly vascular, and forms the internal periosteum of the cranial cavity

sciatic

The _____ nerve consists of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve and the tibial nerve.

axon

The ______ of a neuron is also referred to as a nerve fiber.

learning; memory

The acquisition of new knoledge is called _______; the persistence of that new knowledge and the ability to access the knowledge at ta later time is called ______.

gray matter

The anterior and posterior horns, plus the gray commissure, make up the ____ of the spinal cord.

cranial, vertebral

The brain occupies the _____ cavity and the spinal cord occupies the _____ canal.

diencephaion; spinal cord

The brainstem connects the ____ to the _____.

memory storage, intellect and reasoning, initiation of voluntary movements, interpretation of sensory signals

The cerebrum handles:

regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid

The choroid plexus functions to:

sciatica

The compression of fibers of the sciatic nerve cause a painful condition called;

head trunck and some parts....

The cranial nerves serve:

head, neck, some parts of trunk

The cranial nerves serve:

emotions

The limbic system functions in :

motor

The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system are only:

brain, spinal cord

The neural tube is an embryonic structure that gives rise to the .....

effector

The organ (muscle or gland) that carries out the reflex response is called the ____

brainstem

The part of the brain called the ____ extends from the base of the diencephalon to the spinal cord.

cranial nerves , spinal nerves

The peripheral nervous system includes _____ and _____.

occipital

The primary and association areas responsible for vision are located in the ____ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

precentral; frontal

The primary motor area is found in the ____ gyrus of the ____ lobe.

autonomic

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the _____ nervous system.

parasympathetic

The terminal ganglia are the sites of synapses between the preganalionic and postganglionic neurons of the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

lumbosacral

The ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-Co are associated with the _____ plexus.

T12-Co

The ventral rami of spinal nerves ____ contribute to the lumosacral plexus.

limbic system

The_____ _____ receives input from many areas of the brain and produces our emotional feelings.

cranial nerves

There are twelve pairs of :