Chapter 11
ventricles
Cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called?
increased
Collapse of cerebral blood vessesls and damage to brain tissue pressed against skull are consequences of _____ CSF pressure.
Parkinson
Decreased dopamine production i a brain area called the substantia nigra results in the disorder called _____ disease.
spinal nerves
Dorsal and ventral roots contain fibers of :
frontal
Higher intellectual processes, like concentration, planning and problem solving, are carried out by asspciation areas of the ______ lobes.
they bind to receptors and alter cell membranes
How do neurotransmitters exert their influence on cells?
supple motor impulses to skin and muscles of the neck, supply motor impulses to the diaphargm
Identify the function of the cervical plexuses:
collateral
In addition to the paravertebral ganglia, other sympathetic ganglia are found nearer the viscera they innervate. These ganglia are called ______ ganglia.
foramen magnum; L1-L2
In an adult, the spinal cord begins at the _____ and ends at vertebrae_____.
sleep problems, slowed responses and reflexes, fading memory
Indicate changes that occur with aging that are linked to changes in nervous system function.
autonomic motor fibers of cranial nerves autonomic fibers of spinal nerves
Internal organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, and intestines are innervated by....
diencephalon
The area of the brain called the ______ surrounds the third ventricle.
brainstem, hypthalamus, spinal cord
The autonomic nervous system controls activities of various internal organs via reflex centers in the ...
central
The brain and spinal cord comprise the ____ nervous system.
enlargements
Two areas of the spinal cord are thicker than the rest. These areas give rise to the nerve leading to the limbs. These areas are called the cervical and lumbar _____.
ridges of tissue
What are the gyri of the cerebrum?
superior sagittal sinus, ventricles of brain, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord
What areas is crebrospinal fluid (CSF) found?
transmit signals between the crebrun and medulla and crebrum and cerebellum, regulates breathing rate
Which are characteristics of the pons?
constriction of blood vessels in the brain; death of brain tissue as it is pressed into the skull
Which are consequences of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure?
regulates hunger and thirst and sleep cycles , stimulates pituitary gland
Which are functions of the hypothalamus
it conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain , it is a center from many reflexes
Which are functions of the spinal cord?
sensory areas, association areas, motor areas
Which found in the cerebral cortex?
interneuron
Within a reflex arc, a neuron type called a (n) _____ lies between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron.
ascending; descending
Within the spinal cord, _____ tracts carry nerve impulses to the brain while ____ tracts carry nerve impulses from the brain to the periphery.
superficial
Within the spinal cord, the location of the white matter is described as being ____ to the gray matter.
midbrain, medulla, pons
indicate the components of the brainstem
dura, arachnoid, and pia
indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
indicate the names of the cerebral lobes.
away from then central nervous system, to an effector
motor neurons send impulses:
vision and hearing
senses are categorized into two main classes, special and general. special senses include:
electrical; structural
short-term memory is thought to be a ____ event, whereas long-term memory is thought to be a _____ process.
spinal cord
the _____ _____ is the structure that conducts nerve impulses between the periphery and the brain; it also acts as a reflex center.
periphearal
the cranial nerves and spinal nerves make up the _____ nervous system
antagonistic actions
typically the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system innervations at an organ have:
sensory
within a reflex are, the _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses from the receptor to the central nervous system
mixed
A ____ nerve contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers.
motor
A _____ nerve contains only efferent nerve fibers.
reflex
A rapid, automatic respnse to a stimulus is called a (N) ______.
twelve
A total of ______ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem.
postganglionic neuron and preganlionic neuron
An autonomic motor pathway consists of ____ and ____.
nerve fiber
An axon is also sometimes called a :
basal nuclei
Areas of gray matter found deep in the white matter of the cerebrum are called the _____ -______.
Left, right
Because of the crossing over of nerve tracts, the ____ side of the brain communicates with the _____ side of the body and vice versa.
parietal
Sensory cortical areas for temperature, touch, pressure and pain, and association areas for the understanding of speech are found in the _____ lobes of the cerebrum.
motor
Some viruses infect only motor neurons. Which types of nerves would be affected?
terminal
Synapsis between preganlionic and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system occurs in _____ ganglia near or within organs.
dura
The ____ mater is formed of dense connective tissue, is highly vascular, and forms the internal periosteum of the cranial cavity
sciatic
The _____ nerve consists of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve and the tibial nerve.
axon
The ______ of a neuron is also referred to as a nerve fiber.
learning; memory
The acquisition of new knoledge is called _______; the persistence of that new knowledge and the ability to access the knowledge at ta later time is called ______.
gray matter
The anterior and posterior horns, plus the gray commissure, make up the ____ of the spinal cord.
cranial, vertebral
The brain occupies the _____ cavity and the spinal cord occupies the _____ canal.
diencephaion; spinal cord
The brainstem connects the ____ to the _____.
memory storage, intellect and reasoning, initiation of voluntary movements, interpretation of sensory signals
The cerebrum handles:
regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid
The choroid plexus functions to:
sciatica
The compression of fibers of the sciatic nerve cause a painful condition called;
head trunck and some parts....
The cranial nerves serve:
head, neck, some parts of trunk
The cranial nerves serve:
emotions
The limbic system functions in :
motor
The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system are only:
brain, spinal cord
The neural tube is an embryonic structure that gives rise to the .....
effector
The organ (muscle or gland) that carries out the reflex response is called the ____
brainstem
The part of the brain called the ____ extends from the base of the diencephalon to the spinal cord.
cranial nerves , spinal nerves
The peripheral nervous system includes _____ and _____.
occipital
The primary and association areas responsible for vision are located in the ____ lobe of the cerebral cortex.
precentral; frontal
The primary motor area is found in the ____ gyrus of the ____ lobe.
autonomic
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the _____ nervous system.
parasympathetic
The terminal ganglia are the sites of synapses between the preganalionic and postganglionic neurons of the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system.
lumbosacral
The ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-Co are associated with the _____ plexus.
T12-Co
The ventral rami of spinal nerves ____ contribute to the lumosacral plexus.
limbic system
The_____ _____ receives input from many areas of the brain and produces our emotional feelings.
cranial nerves
There are twelve pairs of :