Chapter 11 western civ 2

Match each region in Europe with the pope it supported during the Great Schism.

Avignon: Scotland, France, Naples Rome: Northern Italy, England, Germany The support for each pope was divided based on political loyalties.

Identify the reasons why Italy became the center of the Renaissance.

Banker and merchant families sought knowledge to discuss with nobles. Italian city-states sought to establish an identity to challenge other countries such as France. Wealth allowed humanist intellectuals to gain patrons.

Match each of the following medieval devotional activities to its city of origin.

CAtalonia: pageants that celebrated the Virgin Mary York: guild-produced pageants celebrating the guild's professional talents France and the Low Countries: pageants that celebrated both local and religious history. Medieval devotional activities were emphasized in medieval drama. Plays were often devotional exercises that involved the efforts of an entire community, but they also celebrated that community.

Identify the correct translation of the word tsar.

Caesar

Identify the statement that best describes the connection between monarchy and war in the late Middle Ages.

Centralized monarchies commanded the military to invade weaker territories. France invaded the Italian peninsula at the end of the fifteenth century, and the militias of the city-states were no challenge for them. Germany and the Low Countries would suffer similar invasions.

Identify the characteristics that make the Renaissance seem like a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture.

Characteristic: Italian city-states competed to claim symbols and artifacts of ancient Roman culture. Greek scientific and philosophical works became available. Previously undiscovered works of Roman writers emerged. Non Characteristic: Christian scholars worked to bring ancient texts into accordance with Christian beliefs.

Ottoman Turks rejected slavery because of their Muslim beliefs. T o F

False Ottoman Turks supported slavery as a measure of wealth.

During the fourteenth century, serfdom decreased in eastern Europe and increased in western Europe T o F

False Landowners in eastern Europe sought to maintain control over their land by forcing existing tenants to work for no pay.

Identify the correct definition of the Great Western Schism in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries.

"A conflict between competing papacies in Europe." Between 1378 and 1417, the Roman Church was divided between two (and, ultimately, three) competing papacies, each claiming to be legitimate and each denouncing the heresy of the others.

the rise of the Ottoman Turks' empire between the thirteenth and fifteenth century

1. Byzantine Emperors hired Ottomans as mercenaries 2. Ottomans defeated Serbian forces at Kosovo 3. Ottomans were defeated by Tamerlane at Constantinople 4. Ottomans successfully captured Constantinople

During the later Middle Ages, England and France became more cohesive -. They unified, in part, due to a shared -. Also unified through - and the use of - language, these kingdoms created a - monarchy

During the later Middle Ages, England and France became more cohesive states. They unified, in part, due to a shared identity. Also unified through war and the use of vernacular language, these kingdoms created a national monarchy.

Match each monarch in the Hundred Years' War to his description.

Edward III: English monarch who gained control of Gascony Charles V: French monarch who levied taxes to create a professional military Henry V: English monarch who won at Agincourt Charles VI: French monarch hindered by insanity

Identify which of the following concepts were effects of the Black Death.

Effects: Wages increased, peoples diets improved, soil gained nutrients, land holdings increased, forests became replenished, the price of grains fell

Identify the reasons why non-Muslims had political and economic power in the Ottoman Empire.

Enslaved male children received an education. Jews were legally recognized. Orthodox Christian patriarchs had rights

Identify from which regions people became enslaved in the Ottoman Empire.

Enslaved: Poland, Balkans, Ukraine Not Enslaved: Holy Roman Empire, France, Rome Turks enslaved prisoners of war, people from rural regions in the Ottoman Empire, as well as Christians. They also enslaved children (Janissary).

Match the characteristics of humanism and scholasticism.

Humanism: History, ancient literature, rhetoric. Scholasticism: Theology, focus on salvation, logic.

Humanist literature emphasized that man's knowledge should be developed to serve the -. Leon Battista Alberti, a famous humanist, compared the - to the city-state, arguing that it should be governed as a - of the state. For example, - should have no place in - affairs and remain -.

Humanist literature emphasized that man's knowledge should be developed to serve the state. Leon Battista Alberti, a famous humanist, compared the family to the city-state, arguing that it should be governed as a model of the state. For example, women should have no place in political affairs and remain domestic.

Identify the impacts of the conquest of Constantinople on the Turks.

Impact on the Turks: The new capital, Istanbul, became a trade center. Wealth increased in Anatolia The turks remained muslim as they spread their empire. Did not convert to Orthodox Christianity. European trade was already good so it did not increase.

Identify the way in which both the Italian states and the Holy Roman Empire were similar during the fifteenth century.

In the Holy Roman Empire, conflict among princes, and conflict between these princes and the emperor, weakened all involved. In the Italian states, Rome had added to the conflict through factional violence, and warfare among northern city-states contributed to the chaos. Both regions faced ongoing conflict between the leaders of the principalities and city-states.

This holy synod of Constance ... declares that being lawfully assembled in the Holy Spirit, constituting a general council and representing the Catholic Church Militant, it has its power directly from Christ, and that all persons of whatever rank or dignity, even a Pope, are bound to obey it in matters relating to faith and the end of the Schism and the general reformation of the church of God in head and members.

Jesus supported assemblies representing the Church and holy spirit. Explaining that the council gained its power directly from Christ (Jesus)

the legacies of the Hundred Years' War for England.

Legacy: Anti-French sentiment developed. England connected national strength to the power of the monarchy. Not a Legacy: England lost most of its French territory, reverting most of its power to its island. The monarchy continued to centralize its power.

Identify the new technologies that revolutionized warfare during the fifteenth centuries.

Muskets Cannons Pistols Cannons

Identify which empire in western Europe grew to challenge Muscovy.

Poland-Lithuanian The Polish-Lithuanian kingdom developed a strong alliance to move eastward toward Muscovy.

Anaylyze Item: you have said that, at God's command, you have continually worn men's clothes, and that you have put on a short robe, doublet, shoes attached by points, also that you have had short hair, cut around above the ears, without retaining anything on your person which shows that you are a woman, and that several times you have received the body of Our Lord dressed in this fashion, despite having been admonished to give it up several times, the which you would not do. ... As for these things, the clerics say that you blaspheme God and hold him in contempt in his sacraments; you transgress Divine Law, Holy Scripture, and canon law.

She received communion while defying gender roles. She deceived people and institutions around her by dressing as a man, leading men into battle, and receiving the Eucharist. Joan was deemed a heretic and blasphemer.

The three main phases of the Hundred Years' War.

The Hundred Years' War led to the development of national monarchies. 1. England won numerous battles and gained control of Gascony. 2. France developed a professional military to challenge England's Territory 3. A series of French victories led to the capture of Bordeaux.

The growth of urban areas in the late Middle Ages was due, in part, to increased economic -. For example, farmers had - in livestock and crops. Cities in northern Germany created the Hanseatic League to control -. The Italian cities focused on -. - focused on spices, - focused on clothing, and - focused on jewelry.

The growth of urban areas in the late Middle Ages was due, in part, to increased economic specialization. For example, farmers had diversity in livestock and crops. Cities in northern Germany created the Hanseatic League to control commerce. The Italian cities focused on luxury goods. Venice focused on spices, Milan focused on clothing, and Florence focused on jewelry.

Analyze the following passage from Execrabilis (1460) to answer the question below: Wishing therefore to expel this deadly poison from the Church of Christ, and concerned with the salvation of the sheep committed to us ... with the counsel and assent of our venerable brothers, the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, together with the counsel and assent of all those prelates who have been trained in canon and civil law who follow our Court, and with our own certain knowledge, we condemn appeals of this kind, reject them as erroneous and abominable, and declare them to be completely null and void.

The pope saw the council as an outrage and corruptive force and declared it no longer valid.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Russia emerged as the leading supporter of Orthodox Christianity. T o F

True After embracing Orthodox Christianity from Byzantine missionaries, Russia considered itself a protector of the Church.

The Renaissance is part of the era that historians call the "medieval" period. T o F

True The "Renaissance," from the French word for rebirth, was applied to the Italian cultural movement during the eighteenth century and popularized in the nineteenth, when the term medieval was also invented. The concept of a "rebirth" was meant to separate this era from the "dark ages" of the Black Death. It has since become shorthand for the era following the Middle Ages—but it was really part of the same era.

For part of the early fifteenth century, the Roman Church had three popes. T o F

True With regions divided between the popes in Avignon and Rome, a group of cardinals met in Pisa to select a third pope.

Identify how the Byzantine Empire helped to develop humanism in the Italian states.

Wealthy, well-connected Florentines aspired to acquire Greek literary masterpieces for themselves, which often involved journeys to Constantinople. These were paraphrased in Latin and made accessible to western Europeans for the first time. Many Byzantine scholars who emigrated to Italy in the first half of the fifteenth century gave instruction in the ancient form of their own native language. Byzantine people, still attached to their Roman identity, moved to Italy and brought with them the Greek classics.

Identify how medieval women sought personal piety in the aftermath of the Black Death.

Women focused on devotional practices in their homes and domestic spaces. Because of the Black Death, many parishes ceased to exist and many communities were decimated. Since the Church was one of the only public spaces were medieval women were accepted, women found it particularly challenging to find outlets for their piety.