chapter 12 child development

Why is the ability to remember such an important key to learning?

If experiences are forgotten then they can't be used for later

How has neuroscience benefited parents and other caregivers?

It can help ensure a child reaches his or her potential by offering a stimulating environment

Why is it important to respect a child's imagination? Should parents always point out what is real and what is not?

It improves learning because it allows the child to try new things. It can also be a way to manage a fear. No, it may discourage them from imagining.

Why might a child of 2 and a half use a word like "tooths"?

Learned that s makes things plural

How can parents improve their children's perception?

Talking about what you and your child are doing, answering questions.

Give examples of the 4 methods of learning?

The 4 types of learning are Incidental learning, Trial and error, Imitation, Directed learning. Imitation is Copying what other people do, directed learning is Purposeful (school), incidental learning is unplanned learning, pushing something and it falling, and trial and error is trying several solutions to figure out which one will work.

Why do toddlers have difficulty concentrating on one thing at a time?

The 5 senses are being bombarded with new information

What is intelligence?

The ability to interpret and understand everyday situations and to use prior experiences when faced with new problems or situations (the capacity to learn)

What roles do heredity and environment play in intelligence?

What are the features of a stimulating environment that promotes intellectual development? Everyone is born with certain limits of possible intellectual dev. A person's potential is developed by their environment. Interactions with caregivers and kids, variety of appropriate toys, encouragement.

Identify 3 common safety hazards related to toys. In addition to safety, identify 6 characteristics of appropriate toys

fitting in their mouth, sharp edges, age appropriate, toxic paint. Well made and durable, easy to care for, encourage the use of a child's imagination, colorful, will the child enjoy and is it easy to handle

What is the meaning of "readiness for learning"?

the physical and intellectual maturity required

How does creativity relate to imagination? How might keeping a child in a playpen discourage curiosity? How might curiosity be mistaken for misbehavior?

A mental ability that involves using the imagination to produce original ideas. Exploration is limited. Curiosity makes children want to explore everything and this could be mistaken for getting into everything.

How is difficulty with articulation different from stuttering? How are they similar?

Articulation is the ability to use clear, distinct speech. Stuttering is a person speaking with sporadic repetition.

How can caregivers promote math readiness in young children?

Blocks and puzzles, sorting, counting and number recognition through games or asking questions

How can a routine of reading to children younger than age 3 contribute to reading readiness?

Focuses on children getting excited to read, and helps them associate written words with words aloud.

What are concepts?

Give examples of concepts that young children learn. General categories of objects and information. Concepts of time, learning what is/isn't alive, categorizing shapes

What kinds of problems might a speech language pathologist identify as a source of a child's speech difficulties?

Hearing problems, mood disorders, learning disorder

Give examples of toys that are developmentally appropriate for each of the following age groups

1-2: Riding toys, helps use large muscles. 2-3: play dishes, helps coordination. 3-4: dolls to dress, helps improve fine motor skills

Compare the problem-solving strategy of a 14 month old to that of a 3 year old.

3 years has mental abilities a 14 month old doesn't have. (like long term memory)