Chapter 12: Contemporary Views of Leadership in Organizations

Leadership and the leader-member exchange model (Qualitative section)

- Leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership: Stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates - In-group: Often receives special duties requiring more responsibility and autonomy; they may also receive special privileges, such as more discretion about work schedules - Out-group: Receive less of the supervisor's time and attention and are likely to be assigned the more mundane tasks the group must perform and not be "in the loop" when information is being shared

Understanding leadership substitutes & neutralizers (Qualitative section)

- Leadership substitutes: Individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance. - Explicit plans and goals, rules and procedures, cohesive work groups, a rigid reward structure, and physical distance between supervisor and subordinate are organizational characteristics that may substitute for leadership. - Leadership neutralizers: Factors that render ineffective a leader's attempts to engage in various leadership behaviors

Changing face of leadership (culture, gender, coaching, etc.)

- Mentor: Role of helping a less experienced person learn the ropes to better prepare for career success - Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Research Project): Initiated by Robert House, and research is still being conducted under its auspices. Identified six leader behaviors that can be observed and assessed across a variety of cultures. These behaviors are: 1. Charismatic/value-based leadership 2. Team-oriented leadership 3. Participative leadership 4. Humane-oriented leadership 5. Autonomous leadership 6. Self-protective leadership

Strategic, ethical, and virtual emerging leadership trends

- Strategic leadership: The capability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization so as to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment. - Ethical leadership: The process of leading based on consistent principles of ethical conduct. - Virtual leadership: Leadership via distance technologies.

Charisma

A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance

Charismatic leadership

A type of influence based on the leader's personal charisma. -Envisioning, energizing, & enabling

Hersey and Blanchard model

Based on the premise that appropriate leader behavior depends on the "readiness" of the leader's followers (i.e., the subordinate's degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility)

Transactional leadership

Leadership focused on routine, regimented activities

Transformational leadership

The set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively