Chapter 12 History Test
Why did farming in the South change after the Civil War? In what ways did it change? How did it affect the southern economy?
Farmers lost their free labor and were forced to pay laborers on plantations. The effects on the economy resulted in the decrease of plantations, sharecropping and tenant farming began.
How did the growth of cities and industry begin to change the South's economy after the Civil War?
The need for large scale production of war supplies had turned small factories into big industries.
What were the sources of funding for Reconstruction programs?
-Reconstruction legislatures -some from congress -some from private investors -levying heavy taxes
What factors led to the end of Reconstruction?
-corruption -the economy -violence -democrats return to power
In what areas of life did African Americans after the end of the civil war experience greater freedom?
-freedom of movement -freedom to own land -freedom to worship -freedom to learn
What challenges did the freedmen face after the civil war?
-having no land -having no crops -restricted by the black codes
Why were the black codes passed and what effect do they have on African American life?
They were passed because white run governments wanted to restrict freedmen's rights. These codes established virtual slavery on the African americans.
How did the moderate and radical republicans in congress disagree over African American civil rights?
moderates were hesitant to allow civil rights. The moderates did not want t impose stricter laws on the south than those in the north.
sharecropping
most common new farming arrangement ex)Holtzclaws were a sharecropping family who farmed some portion of a planter's land
impeach
to charge a public official with wrongdoing in office
What three questions did reconstruction thrive to answer?
1. How and when should southern states be allowed to resume their role in the Union? 2. Should the South be punished for its actions, or be forgiven and allowed to recover quickly? 3. Did the Civil War itself point out a need for a stronger federal government? 4. Would the races have equal rights?
Identify the time period of Reconstruction
1865-1877
What was the Compromise of 1877 and why is it seen as the end of Reconstruction?
A deal in which the democrats agreed to give hayes the victory in the presidential election he had clearly not won. The compromise opened the way for democrats to regain control of southern politics and it marked the end of the reconstruction
Why were northern republicans in congress enraged by the black codes and the reports of violence against African Americans?
Black codes created virtual slavery rather than freedom and equality. The hypocrisy of these codes exemplified southern defiance of reconstruction as did incidents of violence in which African Americans were killed or wounded.
How was the money designated for Reconstruction projects used?
It was used to rebuild things like roads, bridges, canals, telegraph lines and railroad. It was also used by some states to expand services to their citizens.
What details made Johnson's Reconstruction plan more generous to the South than Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?
Johnson allowed Black Americans to fight for their rights.
How did Congress's Reconstruction plan differ from Johnson's plan?
Johnson's Reconstruction plan -pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the union -states were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the confederate debt -permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution -states could then hold elections and rejoin the union Congress Reconstruction Plan -put south under military rule -divided south into five sections -ordered southern states to hold new delegates to create new state constitutions -ratify 14th amendment
What were the major differences between Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans?
Johnson's Reconstruction plan -pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the union -states were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the confederate debt -permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution -states could then hold elections and rejoin the union Lincolns Reconstruction plan -pardoned confederates who would take an oath of allegiance to the union and accept federal policy on slavery -denied pardons to all confederate military and all govt offficials and to southerners who had killed African american war prisoners -permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution after only 10% of the voters in that state had sworn alliegance to the union -states could then hold elections and resume full participation in the union
Why did some think Lincolns reconstruction plan was too lenient?
Lincoln's plan did not require the new construction to give voting rights to black Americans.
How did railroads contribute to the growth of cities?
Railroads turned southern villages into towns and towns into businesses where trade could flourish.
What was the Ku Klux Klan, what were its goals, and what were its effects on the South in the post-Civil War time period?
The Klu Klux Klan were a group of people who wore robes and masks and pretended to be ghosts of the confederate soldiers returned from the dead in search of revenge against the South. The Klan sought to eliminate the republican party In the south by intimidating republican voters. Their goal was to keep African americans in the role of laborers
Why did Congress pass its own Reconstruction plan?
The congress passed their own reconstruction act because they didn't agree with the ideas of Johnson's plan.
How did white Democrats perceive radical rule?
The democrats disagreed with the fact that the African Americans had the freedom to do many things such as worship their religion of their choice.
What gains did freedmen make in the areas of voting, politics and civil rights during reconstruction?
The fifteen amendment was passed which stated that no citizens may be denied the right to vote.
NOTE
look at 12.4 worksheet
Who were the radical republicans and what was their goal for reconstruction? why did they oppose Johnson's policies?
The radical republicans were a group that believed that the civil war had been fought over the moral issue of slavery. The radicals opposed Johnson's policies because it did not meet their goal of granting African Americans their civil rights.
Who supported the Republican governments of the South?
The republican party was a mixture of people who had little in common but a desire to prosper in the postwar south. This bloc of voters included freedmen, carpetbaggers, and scalawags.
How did life change for African Americans after the Civil War?
They gained more freedom. They had the freedom of movement, the freedom to own their own land, freedom to worship their religion of choice, and the freedom to learn.
14th amendment
constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 to guarantee citizens equal protection under the law
15th amendment
constitutional amendment ratified in 1870 that guaranteed voting rights to all citizens
What parts of Reconstruction were successful and what can be considered failures?
http://enghistory.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/2/6/8726761/ch12_successfailures.jpg
black code
laws that restricted freemen's rights
What were the physical, human and economic effects of the Civil War?
physical-devoured farm buildings, devoured farmland and devoured farm machinery human-civil war killed a generation of young healthy men-north lost 364,000 soldiers ⅓ soldiers were wounded, injured or killed Economic toll- Slaves were homeless, hungry and jobless. Plantation owners lost slave workers.
What were the key differences between sharecropping and tenant farming? How did the both sometimes trap farmers in a cycle of debt?
sharecropping was when a family farmed some portion of a planter's land-they were provided housing by the planter unlike sharecropping, tenant farmers had to pay to rent land but they were able to choose the crops they planted.
tenant farming
tenants paid to rent land and were then able to choose which crops they wished to plant ex)Holtzclaws eventually began this type of farming