Chapter 13: Questions

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?

Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.

In Hungary, Lutheranism was

Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

Confidence among Calvinists in their on salvation.

The Edict of Nantes

Granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.

What was the fate of most people brought before in the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.

How did the closings of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?

Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.

How widespread was the influence of the Inquisition?

The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of

The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.

Luther believed that the church consisted of

The entire community of Christian believers.

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following issues except

The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to church doctrine.

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

To secure reconciliation with the Protestants.

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that

Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.

Matin Luther's first response to the Peasants' War was

to side with the peasants

The Consistory was

A body of laymen and pastors who led Geneva.

The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre led to

A lengthy civil war.

How did inquisitorial legal procedure differed from the accusatorial legal procedure

An accuser could be sued if charges were not proven.

The Colluquy of Marburg

Failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the

Habsburg-Valois Wars.

How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?

Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.

Why did John Calvin reject the idea of human free will?

Human free will would detract from the sovereignty of God.

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V as the Diet of Worms?

Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices.

What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?

Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.

Why did Elizabeth I haver her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?

Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.

Luther viewed celibacy as

Opposed to human nature and God's commandments.

The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to

Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation.

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to

Prevent Charles V from increasing his power.

Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?

Protestants viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community.

The dissolution of the English monasteries

Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth.

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was

To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity.

A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the

Ursuline Order.

How did the choice to embrace of reject the Reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?

The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.