Chapter 13 Science

Which of the following is true about Prokaryotes & their replication

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WHich of the following is true about Eukaryotes & their replication

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The statements below are steps of DNA replication. Rearrange the statements so they are in order with the first step at the top.

1: During S phase the two strands of the double helix are seperated by enzymes 2: Two DNA strands are synthesized that are complementary to each original strand. 3: DNA Polymerase proofreads each DNA strand 4: The Two copies of DNA with a complete set of genes seperated from each other in anaphase of mitosis

If there was 24% adenine what percent of DNA is thymine

24%

If there was 24% adenine what percent of DNA is cytosine

26%

If there was 24% adenine what percent of DNA is guanine

26%

Analyze the data about nitrogenous base content of DNA from various species. Which of these statements are supported by the data? Select all that apply.

A. In any one species, the amount of adenine closely approximates that of thymine. B. In any one species, the amount of guanine closely approximates that of cytosine. D. The amounts of A, T, G, and C in DNA varies from species to species.

Coat color in rabbits is inherited by multiple alleles for a single gene. Would it be possible to obtain a white rabbit if one parent is white and the other is Himalayan?

A. Yes, if the genotype of the Himalayan parent rabbit is chc.

What is needed for DNA replication? Select all that apply.

A. enzymes to break the hydrogen bonds of the DNA molecule B. free nucleotides D. polymerase to join nucleotides onto the template DNA strand

The diagram represents a portion of one strand of a DNA molecule. Which of the four DNA strands match the strand in the diagram by base pairing? CCACTGA

A: GGTGACT

If the DNA template has a Thymine, what will be added to the complementary strand

Adenine

Reasons that viruses are considered nonliving is because

All of the above

Used enzymes with transformation experiment to find DNA

Avery

Rosalind Franklin's photographs of the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA provided important clues about the structure of the DNA molecule.What was revealed by the photograph that enabled Watson and Crick to build their model of the DNA molecule? Select all that apply.

B. The DNA strands are twisted around each other. C. There are two strands in the DNA molecule. D. The nitrogenous bases are near the center of the DNA molecule.

The diagram represents a model of DNA replication. What can you conclude about DNA replication from this diagram?

B. The two original strands are replicated in opposite directions.

A variegated leaf has white patches. The patches occur where chlorophyll is missing from the chloroplasts in some of the cells. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, and are inherited from one parent only. How is the variegated leaf trait inherited?

B. Variegation is inherited from the female parent. Only the egg cell contributes cytoplasm with chloroplasts to the embryo.

A nucleotide of DNA may contain adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. What is each of these components?

B. nitrogenous base

What organisims did Fredrick Griffith Study

Bacteria and mice

A(n) _____________________ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell

Bacteriophage

2. Proteins check for errors

Both

4. Proceeds in two directions

Both

5. Copies of DNA condense into chromosomes that separate

Both

Who discovered that A=T and C=G

Chargaff

A=T & C=G

Chargof

Base pairing rule

Chargof

Who worked with Hershey

Chase

From left to right, what are the three components of the nucleotide shown in this model?

D. nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group

Hershey and Chase used p-35 to identify the activity of ________________- inside the cell

DNA

The Griffith, avary, and Hershey-Chase expiremants established that the carrior of genetic information from one generation of a cell to the next generation is what type of molicule.

DNA

DNA is uncoiled by *

DNA Helicase

The new DNA strand is made by the enzyme *

DNA Polymerase

Which enzime is responsible for reading one strand of DNA and adding free nucleotides that are complementary?

DNA Polymerases

The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA polymerase ___________________- . The enzyme joins _____________________ to synthesize a new ___________________ strand of DNA . DNA replication is called ______________________, because each new DNA molecule is made up of one original and one new strand.

DNA Polymers nucleotides complementary semiconservative

Which DNA is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases during DNA Replication

DNA helicase

Which enzyme is responsible for proof reading the completed DNAstrands

DNA polymerase

Backbone of DNA is made of a

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate bonds

1. New chromosomes remain attached to cell membrane

Eukaryotes

6. Starts at many places

Eukaryotes

DNA is packaged with Histones after replication

Eukaryotes

DNA replication occurs interphase of mitosis & meiosis

Eukaryotes

DNA replication requires telomerase

Eukaryotes

Has many origins of replications

Eukaryotes

Who discovered that bacteria could be changed by the process of transformation?

Fredrick Griffith

When a virus invades a living cell its _____________________ takes over the cells functions

Genetic material

Transformation with heat killed S strain

Griffith

Who discovered that the genetic material in bacteriophage was DNA

Hershey and Chase

S-35 to label protein coat

Hershy & Chase

Used Bacteriphages to show DNA enters host

Hershy & Chase

2 Stands DNA is held together by *

Hydrogen Bonds

DNA is made of two strands of nucleotide joined together between a purine and a pyrimidine by?

Hydrogen bonds

Which type of virus life cycle includes the virus´s genetic material being insterted into the host DNA

Lysogenic

Which viral cycle takes the longest to show symptoms

Lysogenic

What process is this

Lysogenic cycle

What are the two types of virus

Lytic and Lysogenic

What is shown here

Lytic cycle

A strand of DNA is a polymer of ______________ joined by covalent bonds between the _____________ of one monomer and the ____________________ of the next monomer

Nucleotides Deoxyribose Phosphate group

Who used enzymes with the transformation experiment to find DNA is transformation material?

Oswald Avery

3. Starts at one place

Prokaryotes

The diagrams below show DNA replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Identify whether the statements describe DNA and DNA replication in prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells: These cells have a circular DNA molecule DNA Replication proceedes from a single starting point Eukaryotic cells: DNA is found in the nucleus, packaged into chromosomes DNA replication may begine from many starting points DNA and histones form nucleosomes Telomers are found at the tips of chromosomes

DNA replication is in the cytoplasm

Prokayotes

Has circular chromosomes

Prokayotes

Adenine is a __________________- and is based paired with Thymine which is a __________________

Purine and Pyrimidine

DNA has the nitrogen base called?

Purines and Pyrimidines

DNA is a helix

R Fraklin

X-ray diffraction picture of DNA

R Fraklin

DNA is copying is called *

Replication

Who took a picture of DNA using x-ray diffraction

Rosalind Franklin

DNA replication takes place during

S phase in the cell cycle during Mitosis Prior to Fission

DNA is made of deoxyribose, which is a

Sugar

Which enzyme is responsible to protect important genes by adding a non-coding sequance at the end of the chromosome.

Telemorase

The enzyme that makes an additional end to the chromosomes, a place where DNA polymerase binds is called *

Telomerase

What is the first step to both viral cycles

The virus attaches to the host

What do viruses need to reproduce

They need a host cell

The role of DNA is to

Transfer Genetic information Exporting Gene Store genetic information

A tiny non-living partical that invades and then multiplies inside of a living cell is called a:

Virus

What happenes in the lysogenic cycle.

Virus injects the nucleus

Who did Crick do his research with

Watson

DNA is double stranded helix with nitrogen bases in center

Watson & Crick

WHich two scientists worked out the double helix structure of DNA we know today.

Watson and Crick.

Who developed the double helix model of DNA

Watson and crick

What does a virus have on the outside

a protien coat

Purines

adenine and guanine

A nucleotide is made of all of the following except *

amino acid

The oriantation of DNA is called or described as

anti-parralel

Choose the correct order of the lytic cycle steps

attachment, entry, assembly, replication, release

What is a virus that infects bacteria called

bacteriophage

Hershey and Chase started with a virus called a _______________ They used the radioactive isotope sulfur-35 to label the ______________ of the virus and phosphorus-32 to label the __________________ of the virus. They allowed the tagged virus to infect bacteria and studied the results. Hershey and Chase found that the only radioactive isotope within the bacteria was ______________________ This result indicated that the genetic material inserted by the virus to infect the bacteria was ______________________

bacteriophage protein DNA 32P DNA

Pyrimidines

cytosine and thymine

When the viral DNA becomes active in the lysogenic cycle, which life cycle does it enter?

lytic

Which expressions are related to Viruses

made of Genetic material & proteins attacks all cells in the body injects Genetic information into the host

DNA is made of monomers called

nucleotides

Hershey and Chase found that radioactive sulfur were found blank of the bacteria implying that proteins are not used as the hereditary material

outiside

what are the 2 groups of nitrogenous bases

purines and pyrimidines

DNA replication is called ___________ because 1 old strand of DNA is used to make another

semi-conservative