Chapter 13: The Endocrine System

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they

bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane

Which one of the following is caused by the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone by the heart

decrease in blood pressure

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one

ADH

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system

salivary gland

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

sympathetic nerves

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus

GnRH

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males

LH

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occu

Production of natural cortisol may decrease

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of

TSH

All of following statements are TRUE regarding estrogen and progesterone, EXCEPT which one

They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism

The thymus produces two peptides that function to

aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels

because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing

estrogen and progesterone

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects

glucagon, insulin

During times of stress, which one of the following glands stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH

hypothalamus

All of the following may result from untreated diabetes mellitus EXCEPT which one?

increased susceptibility to cancer

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced

iodine

The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because

it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by

promoting fat utilization

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

promoting the entry of glucose into cells

Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting

prostaglandins

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because

target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels

thyroid and parathyroid

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions

to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the

uterus