chapter 14

credibility refers most closely to what we call ____________.

believable.

in her speech announcing her candidacy for president of the Student Government Association Rafaella states, "We need to build a better sense of community on campus by making the student center a place where students want to come to meet friends, share meals, and just talk. I have a plan to make that happen." Rafaella is using an emotional appeal to her audience's _____________ needs.

belonging and love needs.

___________ is a combination of your personality and dynamism as seen by the audience.

charisma

persuasion is best defined as the process of ___________.

continuum (range)

to demonstrate charisma in a speech, __________.

demonstrate a positive outlook, enthusiasm, be empathetic, etc.

___________ appeals are appeals to your listener's feelings, needs, desires, and wants, and are extremely powerful in persuasion.

emotional/motivation appeals

if Libby's thesis for her persuasive speech is "Capital punishment deters crime," we can assume she's addressing a question of ___________.

fact

to demonstrate character in a speech, stress _________.

fairness

true or false: when reasoning from causes and effects, you must go in one direction, from cause to effect.

false

what's a guideline for persuasive speaking?

focus on your audience, ask for reasonable amounts of change, anticipate selective exposure, adapt to the culture of your audience, and follow a motivated sequence.

Cameron's speech aims at getting his audience to vote in the upcoming election. which goal of persuasive speeches best fits Cameron's topic?

motivate audience to take action

if the thesis for Celia's persuasive speech is "Capital punishment should be eliminated," we can assume she's addressing a question of ____________.

policy

Brittany is delivering a speech to an audience from a culture with high uncertainty avoidance. what's the best advice you can offer her?

present information from experts that would explain very clearly where everyone can go for information and guidance. appeals to the past will prove effective as well.

if you argue that smoking in public places should be banned because cancer can result from breathing 2nd hand smoke, which type of arguments are you using?

question of policy/change attitudes, beliefs, or values.

in his speech announcing his candidacy for mayor, Hugh states, "Crime is a problem in our city. We need a better system of locking up the career criminals and patrolling our streets, and I have a plan to do just that." Hugh has used an emotional appeal to his audience's _________ needs.

safety needs

in her persuasive speech aimed at convincing her audience that global warming is a serious problem, Gay presents information on changing weather patterns, ice-cap depletions, and changes in arctic flow. Gay's use of reasoning is an example of reasoning from ____________.

sign

in his speech advocating a smoking ban on campus, Tyler stated, "Last month I distributed over 500 surveys to students asking if they favored a campus-wide smoking ban, and 395 indicated that they did. It's clear that the student body at Stat U. favors a smoking ban." Tyler has used reasoning from __________.

specific instances.

when dealing with a collectivist culture, it's best to stress ___________.

the importance of family, loyalty, and national identity/pride.

true or false: character attacks, often referred to as ad hominem arguments, involve accusing another person (usually an opponent) of some wrongdoing or some character flaw.

true

using logical appeals in persuasive speaking ____________.

your listeners are more likely to remain persuaded over time and to resist counterarguments that may come up in the future.

the principle of selective exposure suggests that listeners ___________.

-actively seek out information that supports their opinions, beliefs, values, and behaviors. -actively avoid information that contradicts their existing opinions, beliefs, attitudes, values, decisions, and behaviors.

the __________ is designed to congratulate and inspire recent graduates and is often intended to mark the transition from school to the next stage in life.

?

when you have a very limited time to present a persuasive speech, the best strategy for moving your audience toward your position is to _____________.

?

in her speech advocating volunteering, Penny remarked, "By volunteering you get a chance to become more than spectator in your city; you gain a sense of community spirit and start to see yourself as part of a community of neighbors and friends." Penny has made a motivational speech based primarily on the need for __________.

belonging and love

an audience will judge your credibility in terms of what they perceive is your ___________, whether they see you as someone who is honest and whom they can trust.

character

to demonstrate your __________, show your listeners that you're knowledgeable and thoroughly familiar with your topic.

competence

true or false: according to the text, appealing to an audience's self-actualization needs is the most common and effective emotional appeal a persuasive speaker can use.

false

true or false: credibility appeals are needed only if your audience isn't aware of your knowledge and expertise.

false

true or false: perceptions of what constitutes the credibility of speakers tend to be similar across cultures.

false

true or false: the selective exposure principle holds that listeners will expose themselves to high credibility sources more often than to low credibility sources.

false

true or false: if Lonnie's goal for her persuasive speech is getting her audience to register to vote, we can assume she's seeking to strengthen her audience's belief about voting.

false (motivate to take action)

C.J. is using a motivated sequence to persuade his audience. what will his first step be?

gain attention

the opposite of name-calling is the use of ____________, in which the speaker tries to make you accept some idea by associating it with things you value highly.

glittering generalities.

in his persuasive speech on eliminating the general education requirements at State U., Barry argues, "I've already taken two of the required 15 courses, and believe me they were a waste of time." Barry's use of reasoning from specific instances to a generalization is ___________.

induction. its useful when you want to develop a general principle or conclusion but can't examine the whole.

true or false: if you use reasoning from specific instances to generalizations as a logical appeal in a persuasive speech, it is important to consider the number of specific instances you're using.

true

true or false: in preparing a persuasive presentation, it's important to remember that generally listeners will actively avoid information that contradicts their existing attitudes, beliefs, and values.

true

true or false: in regard to support material for persuasive speeches, logical appeals tend to have the most lasting effect.

true

true or false: no matter how passionate the speaker's voice or bodily movement, no matter how compelling the language, passion does not prove the case a speaker is presenting.

true

true or false: persuasion is most effective when it strives for small changes and works over a period of time.

true

true or false: persuasion often aims to strengthen audience views.

true

true or false: persuasive speakers may have a goal to weaken the audience's existing attitudes, beliefs, or values.

true

true or false: questions of fact concern what is true or not true.

true

true or false: questions of policy are intended to persuade listeners that this is the policy to adopt or not to adopt.

true

true or false: questions of value are intended to persuade listeners in the value of something, that something is good, moral, or just.

true

true or false: the term ad populum is also known as the bandwagon fallacy.

true

if the thesis for Grant's persuasive speech is "Capital punishment is inhumane," we can assume he's addressing a question of ____________.

value