Chapter 14 Anatomy
Order the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve from deep to superficial.
1. Endoneurium 2.Perineurium 3.Epineurium
Generally, nervous tissue is made up of ______ distinct cell types.
2
Match the structure with the appropriate letter
A: Nucleolus B:Nucleus C:Axon hillock D: Neurolemmocyte E:Neurofibril node
Match the glial cell with the appropriate letter.
A:Astrocyte B:Microglial cell C:Satellite cell D:Ependymal cell EOligodendrocyte F:Neurolemmocyte
Match the structure with the appropriate letter.
A:Neuron B:Astrocyte C:Capillary
Match the structure with the appropriate letter.
A:Oligodendrocyte B:Microglial cell C:Neuron D:Astrocyte E:Ependymal cells
Match the structure with the appropriate letter.
A:Unipolar B:Bipolar C:Multipolar
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most common?
Acetylcholine
Match the glial cell with its function.
Astrocytes:Regulates tissue fluid composition Microglial cells: Defends against pathogens Ependymal cells:Produces CSF
Match the glial cell with its function.
Astrocytes:Regulates tissue fluid composition Microglial cells:Defends against pathogens Ependymal cells:Produces CSF
In a laboratory experiment, a neuron is observed conducting an electrical change down a long cell process toward a target cell. What portion of the neuron is being observed?
Axon
The central nervous system is made of the____and spinal cord.
Brain
______ are the most common.
Chemical synapses
______ use neurotransmitters.
Chemical synapses
Experiments on individual neurons in a laboratory include watching them pass changes in an electrical charge down their plasma membrane. What property of a neuron does this best exemplify?
Conductivity
______ is the type of neuronal circuit that is made when multiple impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron.
Converging circuit
_____conduct information from other cells toward the neuronal cell body.
Dendrites or dendrites
______ allow ions to pass from one neuron to the other.
Electrical synapses
The myelin sheath is made of large proportion of ______.
Fats
______ are also called association neurons.
Interneurons
Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?
Microglial cells
Which type of neuron is most common?
Multipolar
What is the lumen inside the neural groove called?
Neural canal
______ provide tensile strength for the axons and dendrites.
Neurofibrils
______ are intermediate filaments that aggregate to form bundles called neurofibrils.
Neurofilaments
______ are excitable cells that initiate and transmit electrical signals.
Neurons
The term "anaxonic" describes a neuron with ______.
No Axon
______ are large cells that ensheath many different axons.
Oligodendrocytes
Match the glial cell with its function.
Oligodendrocytes:Myelinate axons within the CNS Neurolemmocytes:Myelinate axons within the PNS Satellite cells:Protects cell bodies in PNS ganglia
Bipolar neurons have one axon and ______ dendrite.
One
Neurofibril nodes are also called nodes of ______.
Ranvier
What is the name of the slightly expanded region at the tip of the terminal arborizations?
Synaptic knobs
Which are basic characteristics of a neuron?
They can conduct electrical charges High metabolic rate They can respond to a stimulus Depend on high levels of oxygen and glucose
______ neurons have a single, short neuron process that emerges from the cell body and branches like a T.
Unipolar
If a sensory neuron detects a painful stimulus, it will send a signal to an interneuron in the CNS for processing. This may result in a motor neuron stimulating muscle contraction, moving the body away from the painful stimulus. What are the structural classifications of the three neurons in this example? (listed in the order they appear)
Unipolar, multipolar, multipolar
Which two are divisions of the sensory nervous system?
Visceral division Somatic division
Which division of the nervous system transmits nerve impulses from blood vessels and viscera to the central nervous system?
Visceral sensory division
A synapse is a junction between ______.
a neuron and another cell
The term ______ means "inflowing".
afferent
Sensory ______ neurons carry information ______ the central nervous system.
afferent, toward
Lou Gehrig disease is also called ______.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The endoneurium is made of ______.
areolar connective tissue
The perivascular feet of a(n)______ help create a blood-brain barrier.
astrocyte
The synaptic knob is found ______.
at the extreme tips of the axon
The ______ is sometimes called the nerve fiber.
axon
The myelin sheath covers the ______.
axon
The main activity of ______ is nerve impulse conduction.
axons
The synapse is located ______ the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron.
between
The neurons in the retina of the eye are ______.
bipolar
A soma is another name for the ______ of a neuron.
cell body
Dendrites branch off of the ______.
cell body
The brain and spinal cord are part of the ______.
central nervous system
Ependymal cells help produce ______.
cerebrospinal fluid
Free and bound ribosomes in a neuron are called either Nissl bodies or ______ substance.
chromatophilic
A message traveling from one presynaptic neuron to multiple postsynaptic neurons is an example of a ______ circuit.
diverging
The neural plate is a thickened region of the ______.
ectoderm
The muscle and gland cells that receive nerve impulses from motor neurons are called ______.
effectors
Gap junctions are found in ______.
electrical synapses
An individual axon is wrapped in a connective tissue covering called the ______.
endoneurium
Synapses occur where axons contact which of the following?
gland cells muscle cells other neurons
Neurons have a ______ (high/low) metabolic rate and a ______ (long/short) lifespan.
high, long
An action potential is also called a nerve
impulse, signal, propagation, or Impulse
Neuronal pools are made of ______.
interneurons
The visceral sensory division is under ______ control.
involuntary
The neuron needs a high amount of energy or ATP. The ATP is created by the ______.
mitochondria
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a ______ neuron disease.
motor
Most motor neurons are ______.
multipolar
Oligodendrocytes create the______sheath in the central nervous system.
myelin or Myelin
The nervous system is primarily made of ______.
nervous tissue
The process of neurulation turns the ______ into nervous tissue structures.
neuroectoderm
The small spaces that interrupt the myelin sheath are called ______.
neurofibril nodes
Nervous tissue is composed of glial cells and______
neurons or Neurons
The neuroectoderm is the name for the cells that make up the neural ______.
plate
At a synapse, neurotransmitters are released by the ______ neuron.
presynaptic
A ______ transmits an impulse through its axon toward the synapse.
presynaptic neuron
The somatic ______ division of the nervous system receives information from the eyes, ears and skin.
sensory
If a(n) ______ detects a painful stimulus, it will send a signal to a(n) ______ in the CNS for processing. This may result in a(n) ______ stimulating muscle contraction, moving the body away from the painful stimulus.
sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
Interneurons facilitate communication between ______ neurons and ______ neurons.
sensory, motor
A damaged axon within the PNS can regenerate if ______.
some neurilemma remains
The cell bodies of most motor neurons lie in the ______.
spinal cord
The components of the somatic sensory division are ______.
taste pain hearing
Synaptic knobs are also called ______.
terminal boutons end bulbs
The process of neurulation begins during week ______.
three
The blood-brain barrier helps protect the brain from ______.
toxins
The neural groove forms the neural ______.
tube
Pseudounipolar is another name for a(n) ______ neuron
unipolar
The cell bodies of ______ neurons are found in the dorsal root ganglia.
unipolar
The ______ functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
visceral sensory division
