Chapter 14 Quiz

Which of the following would be an appropriate dose for iontophoresis? 1. 0.5 mA for 80 minutes 2. 1 mA for 20 minutes 3. 2 mA for 60 minutes 4. 4 mA for 30 minutes

1. 0.5 mA for 80 minutes

What parameters would be appropriate for treating edema due to inflammation? 1. HVPC, negative polarity, 120 pps, 75 microseconds, sensory level, 20 to 30 minutes 2. HVPC positive polarity, 120 pps, 75 microseconds, sensory level, 20 to 30 minutes 3. HVPC negative polarity, 120 pps, 75 microseconds, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes 4. Pulsed biphasic, 120 pps, 200 microseconds, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes

1. HVPC, negative polarity, 120 pps, 75 microseconds, sensory level, 20 to 30 minutes

Which cells are attracted by the anode, or positively charged pole, during electrical stimulation? 1. Macrophages and inactive neutrophils 2. Lymphocytes and fibroblasts 3. Activated neutrophils and epidermal cells 4. Platelets and mast cells

1. Macrophages and inactive neutrophils

Current literature suggests medications used with iontophoresis penetrate tissues to what depth? 1. Less than 1 mm 2. 3 to 20 mm 3. 3 to 20 cm 4. 30 to 50 mm

2. 3 to 20 mm

When treating edema due to lack of muscle contraction, what waveform is preferred? 1. HVPC 2. Pulsed biphasic 3. DC 4. Interferential

2. Pulsed biphasic

Electrical stimulation for wounds is usually covered by Medicare in which of the following circumstances? 1. Stage II pressure ulcer not responding to standard care in 30 days 2. Stage III pressure ulcer not responding to standard care in 30 days 3. Stage IV venous stasis ulcer not responding to standard care in 10 days 4. Stage III pressure ulcer not responding to standard care in 21 days

2. Stage III pressure ulcer not responding to standard care in 30 days

Your patient complains of pain and has swelling at the right lateral ankle after an inversion sprain yesterday. You have chosen the following electrical stimulation parameters for treatment: monophasic PC with a fixed pulse duration of 70 microseconds, frequency of 120 pps, amplitude at 90% of motor threshold, electrode of negative polarity at the lateral ankle. The best rationale for this treatment is 1. remove edema that is already present. 2. decrease pain and retard edema formation. 3. improve venous return. 4. decrease pain and strengthen the surrounding muscles.

2. decrease pain and retard edema formation.

The most commonly used and researched waveform to promote wound healing is 1. pulsed biphasic. 2. high volt pulsed current. 3. alternating current. 4. Russian

2. high volt pulsed current.

What parameters would be appropriate for treating edema due to immobilization? 1. 5 pps, 75 microseconds, 5 seconds on, 5 seconds off, sensory level, 20 to 30 minutes 2. 50 pps, 75 microseconds, 2 seconds on, 2 seconds off, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes 3. 35 pps, 150 microseconds, 2 seconds on, 2 seconds off, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes 4. 120 pps, 200 microseconds, 5 seconds on, 1 second off, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes

3. 35 pps, 150 microseconds, 2 seconds on, 2 seconds off, motor level, 20 to 30 minutes

A patient is being treated with iontophoresis with the negative electrode directly over the site to be treated. Which medication would not be appropriate for this patient? 1. Dexamethasone 2. Acetate 3. Lidocaine 4. Iodine

3. Lidocaine

Which configuration of electrodes is most appropriate for wound healing? 1. Two 3" round electrodes surrounding the wound and one dispersive 3" round electrode several inches away from the wound site 2. One electrode inside the wound and another smaller electrode close to the wound 3. One electrode inside the wound and another larger electrode several inches away 4. One 3" × 5" electrode on one side of the wound and one 3" × 5" electrode on the other side of the wound

3. One electrode inside the wound and another larger electrode several inches away

How strong is the evidence for using electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers? 1. There are no randomized controlled trials of this intervention. 2. One study supports this intervention but all other studies have not shown any benefit. 3. Systematic reviews support that electrical stimulation promotes pressure ulcer healing. 4. Systematic reviews do not support that electrical stimulation promotes pressure ulcer healing.

3. Systematic reviews support that electrical stimulation promotes pressure ulcer healing.

Which one of the following statements about iontophoresis is true? 1. The administration of medication via iontophoresis does not require a physician prescription. 2. The polarity of the delivery electrode should be opposite to the active ion in the medication. 3. To deliver a drug by iontophoresis it must be water soluble and ionize in water. 4. Use of superficial heat before iontophoresis is recommended to improve delivery of medication.

3. To deliver a drug by iontophoresis it must be water soluble and ionize in water.

At what stage of wound healing is negative polarity electrical stimulation most likely to be effective? 1. When you need to attract macrophages and epidermal cells 2. If there is necrosis without inflammation 3. When the wound is infected or inflamed 4. To repel lymphocytes, platelets, mast cells, and fibroblasts

3. When the wound is infected or inflamed

Untreated chronic wounds can lead to which of the following? 1. Osteomyelitis 2. Leg amputations 3. Hypoproteinemia 4. All of the above

4. All of the above

When applying electrical stimulation for wound healing, what additional precautions should be taken? 1. Use new electrodes for each application when applying directly into a wound. 2. Use protective covers for machines and lead wires. 3. Be cautious when increasing amplitude over areas with reduced sensation. 4. All of the above

4. All of the above

If initially using a negative polarity active electrode, when would most authors recommend switching to positive polarity? 1. When it shows signs of inflammation 2. After 3 to 7 days 3. When wound healing plateaus 4. Either B or C 5. None of the above

4. Either B or C

Attracting or repelling charged entities is known as 1. cathode. 2. depolarization. 3. anode. 4. galvanotaxis.

4. galvanotaxis.

Electrical stimulation is thought to help to heal wounds by which of the following mechanisms? 1. Increase synthesis of DNA and fibroblasts 2. Attracting and repelling certain cells and ions 3. Increasing protein synthesis 4. Increasing circulation 5. All of the above

5. All of the above

Which drugs can be delivered by iontophoresis? 1. Lidocaine 2. Dexamethasone 3. Naproxen 4. Fentanyl 5. All of the above

5. All of the above