Chapter 15: Brain and Cranial Nerves
subarachnoid
CSF from the choroid plexus eventually leaves the ventricles and enters the ____ space
projection
____ tracts link the cerebral cortex to the inferior brain and spinal cord
motor units
a lot of area on the motor homunculus is devoted to the hands because there are many ____ devoted to the muscles that move the hand and fingers
somatosensory
a sensory area known as the _____ association area allows us to identify objects when our eyes are closed
cerebrospinal fluid
all of the ventricles contain a liquid material called:
vermis
along the midline, between the cerebellar hemispheres is a narrow band of cortex known as the ____
decussation of the pyramids
as a result of _____, each cerebral hemisphere controls the voluntary movements of the opposite side of the body
sulci
each shallow depression between the folds of the cerebrum is called:
pia arachnoid dura
from deep to superficial the cranial meninges are the _____ mater ____ mater and ___ mater
tracts
most of the central white matter is grouped into bundles called
temperature pressure and pain touch
neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from which of the following
anterior
rostral is a synonymous with ____ meaning "toward the nose"
cranial bone periosteal layer of dura mater meningeal layer of dura mater arachnoid mater CSF in subarachnoid space pia mater
sequence the structures surrounding the brain from superficial to deep in a region where dural venous sinuses are absent
lateral ventricles interventricular foramen third ventricle cerebral aqueduct fourth ventricle subarachnoid space arachnoid villi dural venous sinuses
sequence the structures that CSF flow through, beginning with CSF production in the lateral ventricles and ending with its drainage into the blood
gnostic
suppose you wake up from a nap and see the hands on the clock are set at 12:30, you smell food and hear your friends talking about being hungry. the ____ area interprets this information to mean that it is lunchtime
cerebellum
the ___ ensures that skeletal muscles carry out smooth, coordinated movements
thalamus
the ___ is a principal and final relay point for sensory information
thalamus
the ___ refers to paired oval masses that lie on each side of the third ventricle between the anterior commissure and the pineal gland
cerebral nuclei
the ____ are paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemisphere
pineal
the ____ gland is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone melatonin
insula
the ____ is a small lobe deep to the lateral sulcus that is not visible unless the temporal lobe is reflected back
thalamus
the ____ lets the cerebrum know where the sensory information came from such as when a nerve impulse comes from the eye
parietal
the ____ lobe of the cerebrum is the location of the postcentral gyrus
commissural
the ____ tracts extend between the cerebral hemisphere through axon bridges
fourth
the ____ ventricle is located between the pons/ medulla and the cerebellum
hypothalamus
the _____ is in the anterior and inferior region of the diencephalon
occipital
the _____ lobe forms the posterior region of each hemisphere and immediately underlines the occipital bone
medulla oblongata
the ______ contains the nucleus cuneatus and the nucleus gracilis which relay sensory information to the thalamus
auditory association area
the ______ is located within the temporal lobe and interprets the characteristics of sound and store memories of sounds heard in the past
motor speech
the ________ area used to be called broca's area and is located in most individuals in the left front lobe
the term ganglia refers to clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
the cerebral nuclei are also called the basal nuclei and sometimes are incorrectly called the basal ganglia. Why is this incorrect
hemisphere
the cerebrum is composed of two large ____ which are easily identified on the superior aspect of brain
epithalamus thalamus hypothalamus
the components of the diencephalon include which of the following
arachnoid villi
the fingerlike extensions are arachnoid mater that project into the dural venous sinuses from the ____
voluntary motor functions planning and personality decision making verbal communication
the frontal lobe is primarily concerned with
occipital temporal parietal
the gnostic area is composed of regions of which of the following cerebral lobes
limbic
the habenular nuclei relay signals from the ___ system
primary motor
the innervation of the ____ cortex to various body parts can be diagrammed as a motor homunculus
corpus callosum
the largest of the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres is the
vestibulocochlear accessory hypoglossal vagus glossopharyngeal
the medulla oblongata has which cranial nerves
spinal cord
the medulla oblongata is continuous with the _____ inferiorly
right
the neurons from the left primary motor cortex the skeletal muscles on the _____ side of the body
gyrus
the outer surface of the cerebrum has a number of folds, each one is called a ____
white grey
the outside of the spinal cord is the _____ matter and inside is _____ matter
longitudinal fissure
the paired cerebral hemisphere are separated by a deep
pineal gland habenular nuclei
the posterior portion of the epithalamus is the location for which of the following
coordinating skilled activities moving the eyes while reading a book or playing the piano coordination learned activities
the premotor cortex has many functions including which of the following
insula
the primary gustatory cortex is the
smells
the primary olfactory cortex provides conscious awareness of
corpus callosum anterior commissure posterior commissure
the prominent commissural tracts that link the cerebral hemispheres include which of the following
meninges
the protectiv membranes that surround, stabilize and partition parts of the brain are called the cranial ______
shape of objects temperature texture pressure
the somatosensory association area is responsible for interpreting sensations to determine which of the following
fingers genitals lips
the somatosensory cortex has a lot of its area devoted to the
hearing smell
the temporal lobe is responsible for which of the following functions
septum pellucidum
the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane partition called the:
association
the type of tract that connects the primary motor cortex to the premotor area is a(n) _____ tract
occipital
the visual association area is located in the ____ lobe
understanding spoken words recognizing written words
the wernicke area is involved in which of the following
arbor vitae
the white matter of the cerebellum is called the ___ which means tree of life
peduncles
three thick tracts called cerebellar ___ link the cerebellum with the brainstem
true
true or false: the CSF surround the brain and spinal cord
true
true or false: the blood pressure is regulated by autonomic nuclei within the medulla oblongata
false-second
true or false: the cerebellum is the third largest part of the brain
true
true or false: the cerebellum stores memories of previously learned movement patterns
true
true or false: the primary auditory cortex receives and processes auditory information
true
true or false: the ventricles of the brain are continuous with one another as well as with the central canal of the spinal cord
control of emotional behavior control of food and water intake regulation of circadian rhythms
which are functions of the hypothalamus
thalamus
which of the following is not one of the major regions of the brain:
dura
which of the meninges is the strongest
third
within the diencephalon is a smaller ventricle called the ____ ventricle
cerebellum
without the ____ the pianists movements would be choppy and sloppy as in banging an entire hand across the keyboard