Chapter 15 Multiple Choice (Special Senses)
otoliths 1) ear stones 2) connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx 3) separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear 4) contains utricle and saccule 5) detects linear acceleration
1
retina 1) the sensory layer of the eye 2) the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye 3) helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye 4) area of greatest visual acuity
1
lens 1) the sensory layer of the eye 2) the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye 3) helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye 4) area of greatest visual acuity
2
pharyngotympanic tube 1) ear stones 2) connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx 3) separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear 4) contains utricle and saccule 5) detects linear acceleration
2
aqueous humor 1) the sensory layer of the eye 2) the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye 3) helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye 4) area of greatest visual acuity
3
tympanic membrane 1) ear stones 2) connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx 3) separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear 4) contains utricle and saccule 5) detects linear acceleration
3
fovea centralis 1) the sensory layer of the eye 2) the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye 3) helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye 4) area of greatest visual acuity
4
vestibule 1) ear stones 2) connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx 3) separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear 4) contains utricle and saccule
4
vestibule 1) ear stones 2) connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx 3) separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear 4) detects linear acceleration
4
If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is ________. A) sensory input from the retinas of both eyes converges at the optic chiasm and information from each eye is delivered to both the left and right sides of the brain B) a small portion of light always enters the other eye C) information from one eye is directly and immediately transferred to the other eye to maintain alignment of the eyes D) This, in fact, does not occur; information from both eyes is always separated.
A
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) tympanic membrane D) vestibule
A
Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________. A) eye B) ears C) skin D) nose
A
Tinnitus, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________. A) Meniere's syndrome B) conjunctivitis C) strabismus D) motion sickness
A
Which of the following best describes the function of the iris? A) controls amount of light entering eye B) gives the eye its color C) refracts light through the pupil D) adjusts the shape of the lens
A
Which of the following describes a response of the eye to sympathetic stimulation? A) pupil dilation B) pupil constriction C) ciliary muscle contraction D) ciliary muscle relaxation
A
Which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life? A) olfactory receptor cells B) retinal bipolar cells C) retinal ganglion cells D) auditory outer and inner hair cells
A
Which of the following types of receptors are located in the mouth? A) chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors B) chemoreceptors only C) chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors only D) thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors only
A
A patient who has experienced previous jaw and face trauma now reports difficulty tasting with the tip of her tongue. Which cranial nerve was likely damaged in that injury? A) Glossopharyngeal (IX) B) Facial (VII) C) Hypoglossal (XII) D) Trigeminal (V)
B
Ceruminous glands are ________. A) saliva glands found at the base of the tongue B) modified apocrine sweat glands C) glands found in the lateral corners of your eye D) modified taste buds
B
Labyrinthitis is a medical condition often caused by a viral infection, resulting in swelling and inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. Which of the following symptoms would you most associate with the condition of labyrinthitis? A) auditory hallucination B) loss of balance and dizziness C) loss of hearing D) ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
B
Select the correct statement about olfaction. A) Olfactory receptors have a high degree of specificity toward a single type of chemical. B) Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain. C) Substances must be volatile and hydrophobic in order to activate olfactory receptors. D) Olfactory adaptation is only due to fading of receptor cell response.
B
Taste buds are NOT found ________. A) in fungiform papillae B) in filiform papillae C) in circumvallate papillae D) lining the buccal cavity
B
The elasticity of the lens decreases with age. This leads to which of the following? A) a clouding of the lenses known as a cataract B) less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objects C) less light getting to the retina and diminished visual acuity D) lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision
B
Damage to the medial rectus muscles would probably affect ________. A) refraction B) accommodation C) convergence D) pupil constriction
C
Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells? A) Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell. B) The olfactory pathway travels to locations in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories. C) The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once. D) The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination.
C
Ordinarily, it is NOT possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________. A) is not a living tissue B) has no nerve supply C) has no blood supply D) does not contain connective tissue
C
Paralysis of which eye muscle would prevent the right eye from looking to the left? A) Lateral rectus B) Superior rectus C) Medial rectus D) Inferior rectus
C
The eye muscle that rotates the eye upward and turns the eye laterally is the ________. A) lateral rectus B) superior oblique C) inferior oblique D) medial rectus
C
The only special sense NOT fully functional at birth is the sense of ________. A) smell B) taste C) vision D) hearing E) equilibrium
C
What is the main function of the rods in the eye? A) depth perception B) color vision C) vision in dim light D) accommodation for near vision
C
As light travels through the eye, it passes through several structures or chambers before reaching the retina. Which list below gives those structures in the correct order? A) cornea, lens, pupil, anterior chamber, posterior segment B) cornea, pupil, anterior chamber, lens, posterior segment C) cornea, pupil, lens, anterior chamber, posterior segment D) cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, posterior segment
D
Dancers will use a technique called "spotting" when they perform spins of the body. By holding their head and eyes on a fixed point in front of them as their body spins they reduce the amount of head spinning and this prevents dizziness. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why this works? A) When the eyes send a static vision of stability to the brain, it is tricked into believing the body is still and therefore dizziness will not occur. B) This helps keep the motions detected by the eyes congruent (aligned) with the motions sensed by the vestibular apparatus. C) This will help to reduce the lateral flection of the head and will prevent hyper polarization or depolarization of the hair cells in the macula. D) Reducing the inertia of head spin will reduce the flow of endolymph that deflects the hair cells of the crista ampullaris.
D
Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ________. A) go to the superior colliculus only B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma C) divide at the chiasma, with some crossing and some not crossing D) cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma
D
The blind spot of the eye is caused by ________. A) more rods than cones within the retina B) the macula lutea interrupts the nerve pathway C) an absence of cones in the foveae D) an absence of photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye
D
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? A) aqueous humor B) lens C) cornea D) iris
D
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the external ear? A) pinna B) external acoustic meatus C) tympanic membrane D) pharyngotympanic tube
D
Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
false
The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.
false
The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure is the external auditory meatus.
false
The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina.
true
The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva.
true
The optic disc forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.
true