Chapter 16: Ecology

About 2,00 years ago, the world had about 300 million people by 1800,global population had reached

1 billion

A book written in 1972 by Donella Meadows and her colleagues helped launch the environmental movement. The title of this book is

The Limits to Growth

From a social conflict point of view, our economic and political systems give control of the nation and most of the world to

a power elite

When power plants burn fossil fuels to generate electricity, they release gasses that react with the air and lead to

acid rain

Julian Simon's optimistic position regarding the environment is often described as

anti-malthusian

People claim that "alarmist" thinking about the environment encourages a stronger role for government in our society?

conservative

The most important contribution sociologists make in studying the natural environment is in

demonstrating how technology, cultural patterns,and political and economic arrangements affect the natural environment

Professor Johnson studies how living organisms interact with the natural environment. She is a(n)

ecologist

Which statement is not linked to structural-functional analysis?

environmental hazards are greatest for the poor

The idea that minorities-especially those with low income-face the greatest threats from environmental problems is at least of which theory?

environmental racism theory

The Greek meaning of eco is

house

The formula I=PAT means which of the following

impact reflects population, affluence, and technology

Unlike pollution and other environmental problems, the extinction of species is

irreversible and final

The Ogallala aquifer, which runs below ground across seven states from South Dakota to Texas, and provides water to millions of people

is being pumped so rapidly some experts fear it could run dry within several decades

Critics claim that structural-functional analysis of the environment

is optimistic about society's ability to resolve most environmental problems

What position on the political spectrum is correctly described as neo-Malthusian?

liberal

The largest share of solid waste is

paper

Which position on the political spectrum views the solution to environmental problems as replacement of the capitalist political system?

radical left

High-income nations of the world are overdeveloped and wealth must be shared more equally around the world

radical-left

Recognition of an environmental deficit is important for three reasons. Read all four statements below . Which of them is NOT one of the reasons?

reminding us of the importance of our financial resources

In general, social-conflict analysis claims that the problems of the natural environment result from

social inequity

Taken together, the cultural values of material comfort, progress, and science form an outlook that environmentalists call

the logic of growth

Researchers report that _______ of the world's 10,000 species of birds are declining in number

three-fourths