Chapter 16: Urinary System
What's the product of cellular respiration?
ATP
Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
Hormone necessary to concentrate urine or that stimulates birth anatomy of nephron?
Antidiuretic hormone
Why is urine yellow?
Because of the destruction of Hemoglobin
Chemical system that prevents dramatic changes in blood pH
Blood buffers
Receives urine from collecting ducts
Calyces
Starting at the medullary pyramid, where does urine flow to reach out of the body?
Calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Function of osmoreceptors?
Detects changes in osmotic pressure
The 3 layers of the bladder wall are collectively known as what and its mucosa consists of what?
Detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium
Fluid within nephron
Filtrate
What's the difference between filtrate and urine?
Filtrate is formed in kidneys while urine formation is taking place then urine is formed in the bladder
Process that occurs within renal corpuscle
Filtration
What're Nephrons responsible for?
Formation of urine
Where does the filtrate flow from and to?
Glomerular capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, papillary duct
What is normally present in filtrate but not normally present in urine?
Glucose
Location of thirst center
Hypothalamus
Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur?
In the proximal convoluted tubule
Largest fluid compartment
Intracellular fluid
Type of nephron located at boundary of cortex and medulla
Juxtamedullary Nephron
Involved in long-term regulation of body pH
Kidneys
What's the functional unit of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Emptying of the urinary bladder
Micturition
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
What's a fat mass that surrounds each kidney that provide protective cushioning?
Perirenal fat capsule
Receive substances reabsorbed from filtrate
Peritubular capillaries
Location of seminal vesicle?
Posterior to urinary bladder and/or prostate gland
What is not normally present in filtrate?
Proteins
What're kidney stones also called?
Renal calculi
Glomerulus plus glomerular capsule
Renal corpuscle
Outer region of kidney
Renal cortex
What's the most superficial region of the kidney?
Renal cortex
Deep region of kidney
Renal medulla
Triangular region of renal medulla
Renal pyramid
What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure?
Renin
A fast-acting system for regulating body pH
Respiratory System
Position of kidneys against posterior abdominal wall
Retroperitoneal
What're osmoreceptors?
Sensory receptor found in hypothalamus
What's the urethra made out of?
Smooth muscle fibers
What's the term used to describe how much heavier urine is than distilled water is?
Specific gravity
What does spermatogenesis produce?
Sperm
What're the external sphincters?
Striated muscle that's voluntary
Where's sperm produced?
Testes
What're the primary sex organs of both females and males?
Testes and vulva
Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would enter where?
The glomerulus
The smooth triangular region at the base of the bladder is called?
Trigone
What's known as the uptake of substances from the renal tubules of nephrons?
Tubular reabsorption
Carries urine into urinary bladder
Ureter
What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureter
Carries urine out of body
Urethra
Where does fertilization occur?
Uterine tubes
Antidiuretic hormone stimulates tubular reabsorption of what?
Water
What're the internal sphincters?
circular muscle tissue that's involuntary
What're the layers that cover an ovulated egg?
~Plasma membrane ~zona pellucida ~corona radiata
What does urine formation require?
~glomerular filtration ~tubular reabsorption ~tubular secretion
Describe the hileum of the kidney
~hileum is a concave indentation of the kidney ~hileum is where ureter exits kidney ~renal blood vessels and nerves enter and exit hileum
