Chapter 19 Multivariante stats

When data are normally distributed, 60% of values will generally lie +/- _____________________

- ONE SD from the mean

The predictor variables are entered into the regression equation for order of entry. This is an example of which strategy for handling predictors in multiple regression

Stepwise regression

When operationalizing variables, it is best to use the highest level of measurement possible T/F

T

If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null is false, this means:

The correct decision has been made. Think false positive is rejecting a true null and False neg is accepting the null when you shouldn't

AS you prepare your critical appraisal of a quantitative research study, you would rate the study as lower quality and weaker evidence- based if:

The correlational design describes what cause and effect is anticipated.

Researchers conducted multiple regression analysis and included three predictor variables. They obtained an R= 0.71 and; thus R2 = 0.5 or 50% This means:

50 percent of the variation in the outcome variable is accounted for by the three predictors

IN a normal distribution what percent of scores fall within 2 standard deviation from the mean

95

Researchers will examine mean postpartum depression scores among women using various types of complementary therapies (ie: acupressure, guided meditation, musical therapy and exercise) and would like to control for ethnicity, What statistical test would likely be used

ANCOVA

When conducting a critical appraisal of quantitative research, the intent is not to criticize the work but to use a __________ and _______ approach to examine the quality of the work.

Balanced and objective.

Multiple regression analysis typically uses standard scores (Z) instead of raw scores (X) What are standardized regression coefficients called

Beta weights

You have run 3 separate t- tests and want to obtain a corrected alpha. You would compute a/an:

Bonferroni correction

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) removes the effect of ________________ variables before testing whether mean group differences on the outcome variable are statistically significant

Confounding variables

Which research design will NOT be sued to examine a cause and effect relationship among variables

Correlational.

You research team has conducted a pilot study prior to implementing the large- scale inquiry. You know the following important piece of information about samples related to pilot and main studies.

Eliminating participants from the main study who were part of the pilot study will enhance internal validity. (minimized bias)

Interval measurement

Equivalent distance between points on a scale (ie Temp)

Which of the following best describes the overall integrity questions used in a critical appraisal? a) Concentrates on how believable the work appearss to be and how accurately the work is presented. b) Examines the robustness of the research method and the accuracy of adhering to the research c) Examines the validity, reliability, and integrity of the instruments used in the study. d) Evaluates questions related to the integrity of the process of subject recruitment.

Examines the robustness of the research method and the accuracy of adhering to the research

Which is an example of a nominal level variable a) Eye color b) HR c) Military rank d) temp

Eye color

A researcher wants to predict a continuous dependent variable on the basis of two or more independent variables. This is an example of which type of multivariate test.

Multiple regression

From the following definitions, choose the one that best represents a primary empirical source. a) anecdotal information or opinions from one author about another author's work b) Information grounded theory c) Information from the original source d) Qualitative inquiry which uses primary quotations from participants.

Information from the original source.

Abstracts should be succinct yet comprehensive; they typically do NOT contain which of following Conclusions Design method Purpose of the study Limitations

Limitations

Researchers are conducting a study to examine the effect of community based education program with people over 65 yo The outcome variable is the probability of participants getting or not getting a flu shot. Which tests would likely be used.

Logical Regression

Descriptive statistic are commonly used to do all of the following except: a) Describe key research variables b) Doccument response rates c) make inferences about data d) summarize sample characteristics.

Make inferences about data.

What does hypothesis testing though statistical procedures enable researchers to do?

Make objective decisions about whether results likely reflect chance sample differences or true population differences

Most Widely used central tendency

Mean

What is at the center of a symmetric unimodal distribution? a) central tendency b) mean c) rance d) SD

Mean

The ________ value is the point in a distribution above which and below which 50% of cases fall

Median Make sure to put in order from hoghest to lowest

Researchers are conducting a study to predict the likelihood of men scheduling their initial screening colonoscopy based upon a family history of colon cancer. Results of the study indicate the odds ratio (OR) = 1.48 for men with a family history This means

Men with a family history are 48 percent more likely to schedule their colonoscopy

During a critical appraisal of quantitative research article you read terms such as research design, instrument utilization, data collection methods, and validity/reliability. You are likely reading which section of the research report.

Methodology

The null hypothesis states that there is

No relationship between research variables

Frequency distributions consist of two parts ______ and the frequency of cases at each value

Observed score values.

What is the statistical test, used to examine the relationship between two nominal- level variables- usually dichotomous variables (ie: Live or die)

PHI coefficient

Which is an example of an ordinal level variable a) marriage status b) pain scale c) Temp d) Weight

Pain scale.

Part of any quality critical appraisal is to assess ethical consideration of the study. Autonomy means that:

Participants have a free choice to decide whether or not to participate.

Which of the following should not be used when writing a critical appraisal of quantitative research a) adjectives b) action verbs c) personal pronouns d) prepositional phrases

Personal pronouns

In a skewed distribution, there is a long tail pointing to the right and a high peak on the left. This represents what type of skewness.

Positive.

For which of the following level of measurement is it appropriate to calculate the mean a) nominal b) Ordinal c) ratio d) None of the above

Ratio Can cal mean for high levels interval too.

Which of the following ins an example of a ratio level variable. a) Blood Type b) Gender c) RR d) Temp

Respiratory rate (True zero)

All predictor variables are entered into the regression equation at the same time. This is an example of which strategy for handling predictors in multiple regression

Simultaneous

Results of an ANCOVA indicate statistical significance of adjusted group means (F = 12.64, p= 0.0001) . This means

The null hypothesis is rejected and the adjusted group means are not equal

The nurse researcher is reading about simple linear regression. When the correlation between the two variables is r= .19 The researchers know this is to mean:

The prediction will be less accurate.

Sampling error will most likely be reduced if

The sample size is large and a probability sampling strategy was used.

A research study is designed to investigate the functionality of seniors greater than 85yo. Subjects will be randomized to 1 of 3 groups and their ability of perform a range of ADLS's will be assessed after 1 month. Prem's Self Care Model is used to guide the study design and develop the interventions/ The use of Orem;s model is an example of a(n): a) Operational definition b) Sampling framework c) Secondary resource model d_ Theoretical framework

Theoretical Framework.

Which of the following is NOT true of simple linear regression

This procedure is used when it is necessary to control for a certain variable

Multivariate statistical procedures are increasingly being used in nursing research to untangle complex relationships among a minimum of how many variables

Three variables

The alpha for a study is set at 0.05. After computing statistics in SPSS p= 0.021 This finding is ___________

is statistically significant

Which of the following is true of ratio measurement a) involves sorting subjects based on their relative ranking of an attribute. b) is the highest level of measurement c) is the lowest level of measurement d) is when there is an equivalent distance b/w points on a scale

is the highest level of measurement