Chapter 2-5: Passive Transport

hypotonic environment (2-5)

A _____________ has a lower solute concentration than inside the cell. The difference in concentration between the compartments causes water to enter the cell. This is caused by osmosis. (2-5)

isotonic environment (2-5)

A cell in a(n) ______________ is in equilibrium with its surroundings, meaning the solute concentrations inside and outside are the same (iso means equal in Latin). In this state, there is no concentration gradient and therefore, no large movement of water in or out. Water molecules do freely move in and out of the cell, however, and the rate of movement is the same in both directions. (2-5)

concentration gradient (2-5)

The _________________ of a solute is the change of concentration per unit distance in a solution. A concentration gradient is generated by diffusion between two regions where the concentration of a substance differs; diffusion proceeds until the concentrations in the two regions become equal (2-5)

Water Molecules(p) (2-5)

What is the letter A pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

movement of water molecules(p) (2-5)

What is the letter A1 pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

crystal(p) (2-5)

What is the letter B pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

crystal molecules(p) (2-5)

What is the letter C pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

movement of crystal molecules(p) (2-5)

What is the letter C1 pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

Mixed water and crystal molecules(p) (2-5)

What is the letter D pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

red blood cells(p) (2-5)

What is the letter E pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

Water(p) (2-5)

What is the letter F pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

Movement of Water(p) (2-5)

What is the letter G pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

Carbohydrates(p) (2-5)

What is the letter H pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

concentration gradient(p) (2-5)

What is the letter I pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

transport protein(p) (2-5)

What is the letter J pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

cell membrane(p) (2-5)

What is the letter K pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

isotonic environment(p) (2-5)

What is the letter L pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

hypertonic environment(p) (2-5)

What is the letter M pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

hypotonic environment(p) (2-5)

What is the letter N pointing to? Picture link: https://bit.ly/35UMCq4 (2-5)

hypertonic environment (2-5)

_____________ have a higher solute concentration than inside the cell. This causes water to rush out making the cell wrinkle or shrivel. This is clearly seen in red blood cells undergoing a process called creation. This is caused by osmosis. (2-5)

Diffusion (2-5)

net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration (2-5)

facilitated diffusion (2-5)

the movement of molecules across the membrane with the aid of a membrane protein. (2-5)

Osmosis (2-5)

the net movement of water molecules across a membrane. It is a special type of diffusion. (2-5)

Semi-permeable (2-5)

(of a material or membrane) allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes. (2-5)

permeable (2-5)

(of a material or membrane) allowing liquids or gases to pass through it. (2-5)

Impermeable (2-5)

(of a material or membrane) not allowing anything to pass through. (2-5)