chapter 2

__________ is considered the "father of scientific management."

Fredrick W. Taylor

a subfield of the classical management perspective that focused on the total organization rather than the individual worker, delineating the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling is called _________

administrative principles

organizational development is one specific set of management techniques based in the _________ approach

behavioral sciences

the process by which companies find out how others do something better than they do and then trhy to copy and/or improve it is known as __________

benchmarking

Weber's vision of organizations that would be managed on an impersonal, rational basis is called a(n) __________

bureaucracy

____________ pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society

economic forces

a(n) _____________ perspective provides a broader way of thinking, a new way of searching for patters and determining whether they recur across time periods

historical

a management perspective that suggests jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential is called__________

human resources perspective

a management perspective that emerged around the late nineteenth century that emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace is referred to as a ____________

humanistic perpective

a management perspective that emerged after WWII and applied math, stats, and quantitative techniques to managerial problems is referred to as a(n)

management science perspective

_________ refers to the field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services

operations management

____________ refers to the influence of political and legal institution on people and organizations

political forces

scientific management ignored the social context of work

true

according to Fayol, similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager. This administrative principle is known as ________.

unity of direction

three basic ideas of scientific management

- develop standard methods for doing each job - select workers with appropriate abilities - train workers in standard methods - support workers and eliminate interruptions - provide wage incentives

Theory Y Assumptions

1. People do not naturally dislike work; work is a natural part of their lives. 2. People are internally motivated to reach objectives to which they are committed. 3. People are committed to goals to the degree that they receive personal rewards when they reach their objectives. 4. People will both seek and accept responsibility under favorable conditions. 5. People have the capacity to be innovative in solving organizational problems. 6. People are bright, but under most organizational conditions their potential is underutilized.

list three assumptions with McGregors Theory X

1. individuals have an innate dislike of work and will try to avoid it 2. most people must be coerced to get them to put out a reasonable level of effort 3. the typical person prefers to be told what to do

a management perspective that emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines is called __________

classical perspective

the ________ view of management is an integration of the case and universalist viewpoints

contingency

___________ collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees, enabling better decision making and superior customer service

customer relationship management systems

______ refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers

supply chain management

the concept that the whole is greater that the sum of its parts is known as

synergy

work specialization (division of labor)

the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs

Hawthorne Studies

the studies responsible for creating the human relations movement, which focused on giving more consideration to workers' needs and increasing productivity