Chapter 2: Assessing Community Need and Establishing a Program

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Environmental

staff help children with letter recognition by using flash cards and word games

decreased

the demand for half-day programs has what?

difficult

whether using a pencil-and-paper or online version, developing good surveys or questionnaires can be what?

Environmental

Behavior modification

John Locke

who came up with tabula rasa

program sponsors

who examine what services can be delivered realistically without diluting quality.

Child Care Resource and Referral

CCR&R

zip-code-specific program planning

CCR&R agencies will generate what type of reports

Interactional

Children are encouraged to explore and create

Environmental

Children learn to recite the alphabet through alphabet songs and stories

Interactional

Discovery creativity: no absolute truth

managing on-site centers

Employees of privately sponsored not-for-profit programs are realizing they cannot meet the challenge of fulfilling employees' child care needs on their own and are reaching out to the child care community for help in what?

toddlers

Families often prefer a two- or three-day program for what age children

behavior modification

If the core value of a program are based on the philosophical assumption that the child is born a tabula rasa it is helpful if the program director is committed to that same philosophy. A director who do not accept the tabula rasa premise will find it difficult to develop or direct an educational program that reflects the stated program philosophy.

center-based program

In a home but ran by a center or employer

10%

It is reasonable to expect that many families can afford to pay up to what percent of their total income for child care.

Interactional

Staff member value and are responsive to each child's special abilities, learning style, and developmental pace.

mission and values statements

developing what is part of the planners' strategic planning process. These carefully crafted statements guide directors' decisions about hiring new staff and designing appropriate professional development to ensure that all staff members are prepared to implement a program consistent with those statements.

accurate phone numbers

The public's annoyance with telemarketing calls is clear, and many families use caller ID to screen their calls. Many families also rely on cell phones versus land lines, which makes acquiring list of what challenging.

Freud and Gesell

Theorists associated with the extreme maturational position

Piaget & Vygotsky

Theorists associated with the interactional

1. examine the need 2. develop the program mission and values statements 3. decide about the type of program that will fit the need and available resources

There must be some driving force in the community, whether an individual or a group, that will generate the creative energy to (3)

10%

Those who receive funds from Head Start (grantees) are mandated to serve children with disabilities (what percent of enrolment opportunities) who must be mainstreamed and receive a total care package through direct services from the grantee or from other resources in the community.

instruction

Universal Pre-k could potentially lead to pre-k programs that focus on what and "dilute the caring dimension of the daily interactions"

the purpose of the organization

What are the opportunities or needs that we exist to address

need

What must there be for the program?

1. assumptions about how children learn 2. values of the program planners and the families involved 3. views of the planners regarding basic issues in education

When programs are planned and implemented, the curriculum content and teaching strategies either consciously or unconsciously reflect a philosophy that is based on (3)

Thorndike, Watson, Skinner

Who is associated with behavior modification and environmental

birth through school age

Working families must have full-day care, and they often will need it for children

1. personnel policies 2. the parent handbook 3. brochures 4. newsletters 5. the program website 6. promotional and fund-raising materials 7. stationery 8. new releases

a mission statement appears on numerous program documents including: (8)

purpose and business

a mission statement should clearly and concisely state what of the program in a manner that resonates with current staff and stakeholders.

No absolute truth

discovery creativity

3-4 year olds

although early childhood education programs have traditionally served how old children, the increase in the number of one-parent families and the number of working mothers has increased the demand for infant/toddler care for before and after school as well as for year-round programs for school-aged children.

proprietary

although much is written about not-for-profit programs, a large majority of the early childhood education programs in the U.S. are what?

environmental position

assumes that the child's learning is dependent on extrinsic motivators. The adult decides what the child is to learn and then plans lessons designed to teach content and skills. One of the basic assumptions of this position is that anything worth teaching is also observable and measurable.

No discipline

behavior modification

several years

bringing a new program up to full enrollment can take what to accomplish it.

infants

families tend to prefer to keep what age child at home

No direction

child centered

Maturational

child centered: no direction

Interactional

children enjoy successes that lead to greater self-confidence and independence

Environmental

children practice rote counting during group time and while at play

Maturational

choose activities based on their interests and their rhythms

Environmental

group-time activities include color recognition and color-naming exercises

program quality

having a well developed mission statement is an indicator of what?

informal group discussion

holding what with families is often not as valid, is less reliable, and is more difficult to tabulate and analyze than questionnaire data.

environmental, maturational, interactional

how children learn fall into three major categories

marketing specialist

if you are involved in an extensive needs assessment program, you should consult who about appropriate sampling techniques.

family child care homes

in some situations, what may be more suitable than a center-based program.

telephone surveys

in the past, the use of what was a viable option for collecting data

core values

it is important to have a director who fully understands and supports what because he or she will be the educational leader responsible for the implementation of a program that supports these.

1.What are the opportunities or needs that we exist to address (the purpose of the organization) 2. what are we doing to address these needs? (the business of the organization) 3. what principles or beliefs guide our work? (the values of the organization

it is recommended that the mission statements be revisited every five years to ensure relevance and should answer the following three questions and answers

5

it is recommended that the mission statements be revisited how often to ensure relevance

philosophy

making program decisions is impossible without a commitment to an agreed-upon what?

individual or small group

many full and half day child care programs are owned and operated by who?

privately sponsored not-for-profit program

many large industries, hospitals, and apartment complexes include child care centers in their facilities and offer services for the children of their employees and residents. They are set up for the comfort and convenience of the employees and residents.

Agency-sponsored programs

many not-for-profit early childhood education programs are sponsored by who?; These programs may be set up as full-day care centers for working families or as half-day enrichment programs

required

mission statements are what?

public schools

most states are funding some prekindergarten programs, and many of these are in where?

1. the basis for the decision about whether or not to have a program 2. furnish information about family values and goals

needs assessment data that are collected through both formal and informal channels can both provide what?

find out if other centers in the vicinity have waiting lists

one quick and informal way to decide whether to proceed with a needs assessment is to do what?

Laboratory schools

one type of program found on college campuses

family child care

parents taking their children to other peoples home and are paid hourly/weekly/etc.; there is still a regulation of how many children

Interactional

play is cherished and play spaces are rich with learning opportunities

proprietary

profit-making programs are aka; they are set up to provide a service that will make a profit

Waldorf, Reggio Emilia, Piaget, Montessori

program philosophy

1. brief 2. understandable 3. items included also must be carefully selected

questionnaire must be (3)

Public and private not-for-profit

range in size and scope from the small cooperative preschool to the large, complex, agency-sponsored child care center

Maturational

show evidence of satisfaction after having mastered a task

Maturational

show interest and choose to work in various interest areas in the classroom

human orientation

the goal of education for those who support what is the upward movement of the child as an independent learner to higher levels of intellectual competence. The process of learning and the development of problem-solving skills are more important that content mastery. Autonomy, collaboration, and cooperation are valued, and the years in school are considered an integral part of life itself.

autonomous problem solvers

the major goal for human orientation is for children to become what?

philosophy

the program's what underlies most programmatic decisions. It should reflect the values, beliefs, and training of the director as well as the wishes and interests of the program planners and families who will participate in the program.

thoughtful consideration

the task of developing a good questionnaire or survey can be challenging, and getting the survey into the hands of the right group of people require what?

ages

the what of participating children affect all program planning considerations and can make a considerable difference in the cost of delivering the service.

content orientation

those who subscribe to what support the notion that the goal of education is to provide children with content that enables them to succeed in school as it exists. Their focus is on preparation for the next step in schooling; achievement is evaluated by relating each child's progress to norms or grade level.

telemarketing

today, what has come under public scrutiny with many households opting out of being called at home by signing up for the national do not call registry.

unrealistic

usually setting up a program that will be responsive to every demand and meet all needs is what?

parent co-ops

what are cooperative programs often called

value statements

what are important in determining the curriculum and teaching strategies that reflect the program's core values.

demonstration schools

what are laboratory schools aka

nonprofit

what are not-for-profit programs sometimes called

cooperative programs

what are owned and operated by a group. Parents are expected to help in the classroom, so the small co-op usually functions with one or two paid staff members; costs are kept at a minimum, and tuition is lower than in other centers. Most are half-day programs

Public school-sponsored programs

what are staffed by people hired through public school personnel offices, and the programs are housed in public school buildings. Local school boards, public school administrators, and teacher unions typically have a voice in making policy as well as in teacher and program evaluation.

1. determine what you need to know 2. procedures for collecting the data can be worked out

what are the two first steps in the needs assessment process

the business of the organization

what are we doing to address these needs?

interactional position

what assumes that learning results from the dynamic interaction between the emerging cognitive and affective systems and the environment. The interaction with both the material and the human environment is not driven solely by an internal force but also is nurtured, facilitated, and intensified by the timely intervention of significant adults in the environment. The child is intrinsically motivated to select appropriately from the environment, but the adult is responsible for preparing the environment and for timely and appropriate questions and idea to alert the child to the learning opportunities in each situation. The adult facilitates the development of intellectual competence.

maturational position

what assumes that there is an internal, driving force, that lads to the emergence of cognitive and affective systems, which, in turn, determine the child's readiness for mastery of developmental tasks. Mastery of the task is itself rewarding, so the reinforcement is based on intrinsic satisfactions derived from accomplishment and task mastery. Learning is controlled by an internal growth force and the child selects from various offerings, thereby learning what she is ready to learn.

mission statement

what briefly defines the focus or purpose of the organization

needs assessment

what can begin before or after a director is designated or hired, but it must be completed before any financial or program planning begins

online surveys

what can reduce the cost and also increase the percentage of returns

core values

what come from a sound understanding of child development and the best practices in the field.

blank slate

what does tabula rasa mean?

head start

what is the best known of the federal government-sponsored, early childhood education programs and is the nation's leading investment in early childhood care and education. Provides a range of comprehensive education, health, nutrition, parent involvement, and family support services, and it has primarily served at-risk children and their families. May be center based or home based and may provide child care on a full-time or half-time basis

campus child care programs and laboratory schools

what often provide facilities for research, observation, and teacher training

the values of the organization

what principles or beliefs guide our work?

1. internal confusion 2. lack of unity 3. loss of teamwork 4. inability to help parents understand their true purpose

when administrators attempt to implement programs for which they are unable to state a philosophy nor substantiate their curriculum and accompanying pedagogical strategies in terms of that philosophy, they risk what (4)

outside sources

when families are unable to pay the high cost of quality child care outside the home, operators cannot depend on tuition but must seek outside sources of funding

universal prekindergarten

with the current trend toward what, additional government funds are flowing into public school to support the interest in offering this experience for all children. The aim in some states is to increase the amount of state dollars that comes to hose systems offering these programs.

full-day care or half-day program

you must find out if families prefer which two types of daycare


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