Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
__________ is a familial relationship that is established through a social and legal process.
Adoption
What procedure involves withdrawing amniotic fluid between the 15th and 18th weeks of pregnancy?
Amniocentesis
___________ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.
Behavior geneticists
____________ is a prenatal medical procedure in which a small sample of the placenta is removed.
Chorionic villus sampling
________ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Chromosomes
What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase that contains genetic information?
DNA
_________ ___________ is a chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down syndrome
______ control the reproduction of cells and the assembly of proteins.
Genes
___________ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm.
Meiosis
The _______ view states that development is the results of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
epigenetic
What psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
evolutionary psychology
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of ___________.
heredity-environment correlations
If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to __________.
intellectual disability
According to the epigenetic view, development ______________.
is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other
All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called __________.
mitosis
The evolutionary process by which the best adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ___________ selection.
natural
What genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid?
phenylketonuria
Ultrasound _______________ uses high-frequency sound waves directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen to produce a visual representation of the fetus.
sonography
Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, __________ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy to help determine whether the baby is a boy or a girl.
ultrasound sonography
When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called a(n) __________.
zygote