Chapter 2 Glossary Term
Mutually Exclusive Events
Events that have no sample points in common.
Event
A collection of sample points or experimental outcomes.
Venn Diagram
A graphical device for representing the sample space and operations involving events.
Relative Frequency Method
A method of assigning probabilities based on experimentation or historical data.
Subjective Method
A method of assigning probabilities based on judgement.
Classical Method
A method of assigning probabilities that is based on the assumption that the experimental outcomes are equally likely.
Bayes's Theorem
A method to compute posterior probabilities.
Probability
A numeric measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
Additional Law
A probability law used to compute the probability of a union.
Multiplication Law
A probability law used to compute the probability of an intersection.
Joint Probability Table
A table used to display joint and marginal probabilities.
Impossible Event
An event that is certain not to occur. the probability of an uncertain event is 0.
Certain Event
An event that is certain to occur. The probability of a certain event is 1.
Sample Point
An experimental outcome and an element of the sample space.
Experiment
Any process that generates well-defined outcomes.
Posterior Probabilities
Revised probabilities of events based on additional information.
Union of Events A and B
The event containing all sample points that are in A, in B, or in both.
Intersection of Events A and B
The event containing all sample points that are in both A and B.
Complement of Event "A"
The event containing all sample points that are not in "A".
Simpson's Paradox
The phenomenon by which the apparent association between two events is reversed upon consideration of a third event.
Conditional Probability
The probability of an event given another event has occurred. The conditional probability of "A" given "B" is.
Joint Probability
The probability of the intersection of two events.
Sample Space
The set of all sample points (experimental outcomes).
Marginal Probabilities
The values in the margins of the joint probability table, which provide the probability of each event separately.
Independent Events
Two events A and B. The events have no influence on each other.
Dependent Events
Two events A and B. The probability of one event is altered or affected by knowing whether the other event occurs.
Basic Requirements of Probability
Two requirements that restrict the manner in which probability assignments can be made.
