Chapter 2

Covenant

(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return

Ba'al

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Solomon Tax

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The Divided Kingdom

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Conquest Captivity and Restoration of Israel

722- Israel falls to Assyrians 586-Chaldeans conquer Judah, Destroy Solomon's Temple. Deportation of thousands of Jews 538- Persian King Cyrus permits exiles to return the Judah and rebuild temple 515 Hebrews (now called Jews) dedicate second temple at Jerusalem. Overcome past tentions

Pentateuch

Another name for the Torah, or first five books of Moses. or current day bible

Chaldean Alliance

Chaldeans along with Medes formed alliance Attacked Assyria and 616 and by 605 they controlled all of Mesopotamia.

Genesis

Creation of the Earth Fall of Adam and Eve The Great Flood Calling of Abram/Abraham The Patriarchal Narratives

Cyrus the Great

Established massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires., c. 530 B.C.E. A Persian ruler who captured Babylon. He was known for his mercy. He was tolerant of other religions and culture, and even incorporated different architectural styles into his buildings.

King Saul

Father of Jonathan and Michal, first king of Israel, good warrior but unsuccessful king, hiding from God when chosen to be king, jealous and tries to kill David, rejected by God because he does not OBEY

Unified Monarchy

From years 1020-922 BCE. This is the period of the first kings. During the Unified Monarchy, Saul, then David, then Solomon are the first kings. David is significant because of his battles with the Philistines and him making Jerusalem the capitol; this is advantageous because it was a good defensive location and is a central area between the Northern and Southern tribes. Additionally, Solomon built the first temple and expands the territory that the monarchy controlled. His reign declines because of some problems: he organized massive scale building projects, so taxes increased and he used forced labor. Shortly after his reign, the country splits into two kingdoms, ending the Unified Monarchy period.

Outline of Hebrew History

Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia and migrated to Canaan. Some went to Egypt and became forced laborers In early 19th century--Moses (exodus) While in Sinai, Hebrews uplifted by belief of one god, Yehweh

King Solomon

King of Israel; known for his wisdom; King David's son; know for building a temple in Jerusalem; Israel reached the height of its power under his rule

Leviticus

Laws Dealing with Sacrifices Consecration of Priests Clean vs. Unclean Ceremony for Atonement Laws to Govern Religious Life Religious Vows

Zarathustra

Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC).

Exodus

Moses Liberation of Hebrews from Egypt Ten Commandments

Israel

Name given to the Northern part of Israel when it was divided in two in 922 BC

Cyrus Cylinder

Recounts Cyrus' actions during his reign. Many mentions of returning sacred cities, allowing former inhabitants to return, etc.

Cambyses

Reigned 530-521 BC. Son of Cyrus the Great, conquered Egypt after his father died. Completely ignored the policy of toleration set by father (Cyrus), incompetent, overextended the empire into Egypt

Satrap

The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and for forwarding tribute to the central administration. Enjoyed much power. (pg118)

Numbers

The Numbering (census) of the Israelites The Consecration of the Levites Wandering in Sinai/Kadesh

Deuteronomy

The Second Law/Renewal of the Covenant Moses' Farewell Address

monolatry

The worship of a single god but without claiming that it is the only god

King David

United the 12 tribes by establishing the city of Jerusalem as the common capital. He built a permanent palace in Jerusalem. He wanted to build a temple for the Lord for a permanent spot for the arc of the covenant but God said he could not because he was a man of war but his son Solomon would built it.

Israelite Kingdom

Wandering israelites returned to Canaan and joined other Hebrew tribes. Loosely organized into a confederation of 12 Tribes under King Yahweh. Philistines invade in late 18th cent. and dominate Israelite territory 12 tribes unite under King Saul David was second king and helped fight philistines Under solomon (davids son) trade and construction flourished. Trade was big, Due to Tax problems...kingdom divided in 922 BC Kingdom of Judah (South) Kingdom of Judah (North)

Cyrus the Great

When persia captured Babylon, in 538 allowed exiled jews to return and rebuild temple. Many stayed in Babylon. Dedicated second temple.

Yahweh

a name for the God of the Old Testament as transliterated from the Hebrew consonants YHVH

Darius I

king of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon

10 commandments

spoken from god to Moses, written on 2 stone tablets, basis laws of Israelites; Covenant between God and his people

Moses

the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai

Abraham

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son; "Judaism, Christianity, and

Judah

the name given to the southern part of Israel when it was divided in two in 922 B.C.