Chapter 20-3

Edwin Chadwick

An urban reformer who became obsessed over eliminating poverty and squalor, he was the secretary for the poor law commission and wanted to learn detailed facts about living conditions in the city.

Pauper apprentices

Orphaned and abandoned children that the church apprenticed to factories causing many to die at a young age.

Combination Acts

Outlawed unions and strikes but was later repealed

Poor Law Commission

Produced detailed reports on the cities living conditions and conducted experiments on how the living in the city was more dangerous than living in the country

Factory Act of 1833

Reduced the amount of children working in factories

Luddites

Skilled crafts people who attacked the machines that were replacing them

Chartism

The first important political movement of the working men organized during the 19th century and they wanted the right to vote.

The Poor Law Act of 1834

This forced jobless poor people to live in workhouses which were basically like prisons.

The Great Hunger/ Hungry 40's

Two million people had to emigrate because of the Irish potato famine, poor people had nothing to eat.

Working-class consciousness

When the working class realized how much power/ impact they could actually have

Ten hours Act

reduced the workday for 13-18 year olds and women to 10 hours

Robert Owens

A leader in the union movement to create national unions with weekly pay and an 8 hour work day as it's goal.

Cholera

A rampant disease found in the cities, very deadly and caused by drinking contaminated water.

Coal Mines Act

Boys under 10 and women couldn't work in mines.

Trade unions

Created by workers of certain trades to make sure they could limit the amount of people learning it and to get more benefits