Chapter 21 (!) Blood Vessels and Circulation Quiz
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? -12 mm Hg -1 mm Hg -34 mm Hg
34 mm Hg
What structure do RBCs move through single file? A- capillary B- vein C- venule D- artery E- arteriole
A- Capillary.
Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results A- increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. B-increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. increased heart rate. C-stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain. D- stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center.
An increase in activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
the greater resistance to blood flow
The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the __________.
tunica media
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?
venous
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in a-cardiac muscle. b-the pituitary. c-bone. d-skeletal muscles. e-skin
B - the pituitary.
A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. A- vascular edema B-stroke C- aneurysm D- arteriosclerosis E- atherosclerosis
C- aneurysm
Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers? a- hypothalamus b-pons c-medulla oblongata d-thalamus
C-Medulla oblongata
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A- arteries. B- capillaries. C- arterioles. D- venules. E- veins.
D - venules
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called a-fenestrated capillaries. b-vasa vasorum. c-discontinuous capillaries. d-sinuses. e-perforated capillaries.
a-fenestrated capillaries.
Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure a-forces more fluid across the endothelium b-lowers heart rate c-raises arterial pressure d-raises heart rate
a-forces more fluid across the endothelium
Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased a-salt and water loss through the kidneys. b-blood volume. c-venous return and preload. d-blood pressure. e-sodium ion levels in blood
a-salt and water loss through the kidneys.
By how much does blood pressure drop as blood flows through a capillary?
about 15 mm Hg
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? a-venule b-arteriole c-capillary d-vein e-artery
b-arteriole
Which organ produces renin and erythropoietin to help maintain normal blood pressure and hematocrit?
kidney
Which blood vessel returns blood to the left atrium?
left and right pulmonary veins
The most extensive communication takes place between the cardiovascular system and the __________ system.
lymphoid
Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers?
medulla oblongata
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?
net osmotic pressure
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the a-level of oxygen at the tissue increases. b-arterioles dilate. c-arterioles constrict. d-level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. e-veins constrict.
b-arterioles dilate.
Blood pressure is determined by a-measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. b-estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. c-listening carefully to the pulse. d-measuring the size of the pulse. e-estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
b-estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. a-blood b-pulse c-circulatory d-mean arterial e-critical closing
b-pulse
What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? a-arteriole b-venule c-artery d-vein e-capillary
b-venule
Peripheral resistance depends on all of the following factors except __________. blood vessel length blood viscosity blood vessel diameter blood colloid osmotic pressure
blood colloid osmotic pressure
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.
blood pressure
Except near the heart, corresponding arteries and veins usually follow the same path; an example of this is the case of the subclavian arteries and veins. Are these two statements true or false?
both statements are true
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except a-increase in aldosterone b-increase in peripheral resistance c-an inhibitor of angiotensin II d-increase in blood volume
c-an inhibitor of angiotensin II
In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes all these defenses except a-increased thirst b-increased peripheral resistance c-decreased ADH secretion d-increased heart rate
c-decreased ADH secretion
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except a-increased venous return. b-decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. c-increased blood concentration of glucose. d-increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. e-stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.
c-increased blood concentration of glucose.
Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest? a-cardiac output is higher b-heart blood flow is higher c-skin blood flow is lower d-abdominal viscera blood flow is lower e-kidney blood flow is lower
c-skin blood flow is lower
The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________.
capillaries
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.
capillary; interstitial fluid
The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control __________.
cardiac contractility peripheral resistance heart rate
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
carotid sinus and aortic arch
The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control a-peripheral resistance b-heart rate c-cardiac contractility d-All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
d-All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the a-vein. b-capillary. c-venule. d-arteriole. e-artery.
d-arteriole.
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the a-number of red blood cells. b-concentration of plasma glucose. c-concentration of plasma waste products. d-concentration of plasma proteins. e-concentration of plasma sodium ions.
d-concentration of plasma proteins.
The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the a-tunica adventitia b-tunica intima c-tunica interna d-tunica media
d-tunica media
All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging except __________. decrease in valve efficiency decrease in hematocrit decrease in cardiac output decrease in arterial wall stiffness
decrease in arterial wall stiffness
In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes all these defenses except _________. increased thirst decreased ADH secretion increased peripheral resistance increased heart rate
decreased ADH secretion
The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung.
deoxygenated; to
During exercise a-vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. b-venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. c-both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. d-venous return increases. e-All of the answers are correct.
e-All of the answers are correct.
Edema may occur when a-blood pressure is high. b-the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. c-capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. d-endothelial permeability goes up. e-All of the answers are correct.
e-All of the answers are correct.
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? a-obesity b-high cholesterol c-smoking d-lack of exercise e-All of the answers are correct.
e-All of the answers are correct.
Venous valves are responsible for a-regulating blood pressure in veins. b-channeling blood away from the heart. c-preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. d-preventing anterograde flow. e-channeling blood toward the heart.
e-channeling blood toward the heart.
The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver a-hepatic artery b-gastric vein c-myenteric capillaries d-superior mesenteric vein e-hepatic portal vein
e-hepatic portal vein
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? a-muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart b-blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins c-peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood d-blood pressure e-vascular resistance
e-vascular resistance
Arteries have a tissue in their middle and internal vessel walls that veins contain less, called __________ tissue.
elastic
True or false? The blood within the pulmonary trunk contains highly oxygenated blood.
false
What feature distinguishes this type of capillary from a continuous capillary?
fenestrations
What process is depicted in this figure?
filtration
Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.
forces more fluid between endothelial cells
Vasomotion refers to contraction-relaxation cycles of the __________.
precapillary sphincters
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.
proteins in the blood
Stenosis is a permanent narrowing of an artery, as with arteriosclerosis. Which of the following could occur with stenosis of a renal artery? -Anemia will occur. -Renin secretion will increase. -Epinephrine secretion will increase. -Urine output will increase.
renin secretion will increase
What tissue types and features are found in the layer indicated by the red arrow?
Smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called a-continuous capillaries. b-sinusoidal capillaries. c-fenestrated capillaries. d-vasa vasorum. e-sinusoids
a-continuous capillaries.
Into which blood vessel does the left ventricle directly pump blood?
ascending aorta
When muscle cells contract they release substances that cause nearby precapillary sphincters to relax. This is an example of __________.
autoregulation
The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the a-venous return. b-venous reserve. c-vessel residual. d-vessel mobilization. e-capacitance of veins.
b- venous reserve
Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because a-peripheral resistance rises and falls b-arterial pressure rises and falls c-heart rate rises and falls d-peripheral resistance rises and arterial pressure drops
b-arterial pressure rises and falls
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? ANSWER: A- tunica externa B- tunica intima C- tunica media D- external elastic membrane E- internal elastic membrane.
B- Tunica intima
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called a-fenestrated capillaries. b-continuous capillaries. c-sinusoidal capillaries. d-vasa vasorum. e-sinusoids.
B- continuous capillaries.
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A- external elastic membrane B- tunica externa C- internal elastic membrane D- tunica media E- tunica intima
D- tunica media.
ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for a-a serious hemorrhage. b-hypertension. c-a heavy meal. d-prolonged exercise. e-a heart attack.
a-a serious hemorrhage.
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? -a decrease in cardiac output -a decrease in heart rate -vasodilation of arterioles -an increase in heart contractility
an increase in heart contractility
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? -a decrease in cardiac output -a decrease in blood pressure -an increase in heart rate and contractility -vasodilation of arteries
an increase in heart rate and contractility
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________. increase in aldosterone increase in blood volume an inhibitor of angiotensin II increase in peripheral resistance
an inhibitor of angiotensin II
Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system? -arterial pressure greater than venous pressure -venous pressure greater than arterial pressure -right ventricle -smooth muscle in the tunica media
arterial pressure greater than venous pressure
Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because __________.
arterial pressure rises and falls
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
As the heart ages, which of these changes is not normally seen? -decreased cardiac output -decreased ejection fraction -increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton -coronary arteriosclerosis
increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton