Chapter 22 Practice questions

The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presents with a rash. Which assessment question is most appropriate? 1) "Are you taking Bactrim?" 2) "Have you recently used a new soap?" 3) "What have you eaten in the last few days?" 4) "Did you have unprotected sex within the last week?"

1) "Are you taking Bactrim?"

Which is the priority action for a nurse who is exposed to a needle-stick injury while providing patient care? 1) Washing the injury under running water 2) Squeezing the site to remove the patient's blood 3) Taking two or three drugs for 28 days 4) Consenting to a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test

1) Washing the injury under running water

A home health nurse is conducting home visits for several patients who are diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which patient would the nurse see first? 1) A patient who is receiving lamivudine (Epivir) because of a diagnosis of a low CD4 cell count 2) A patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) who called the office this morning to report a new onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath 3) A patient with wasting syndrome who needs modifications and education regarding dietary changes 4) A patient who is receiving IV antibiotics daily for toxoplasmosis

2) A patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) who called the office this morning to report a new onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a patient who is newly diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which values should be reported to the patient's health-care provider? Select all that apply. 1) CD4 cell count 1,100/mm3 2) T4 cell count 150 3) CD4 lymphocytes 12% 4) Viral load 11,500 copies/mL 5) WBC 6,500

2) T4 cell count 150 3) CD4 lymphocytes 12% 4) Viral load 11,500 copies/mL

The nurse is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The patient reports night sweats. Which is the most likely reason for this clinical manifestation? 1) Infection 2) Disease progression 3) Mycobacterial infection 4) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

3) Mycobacterial infection

A nurse working in an intensive care unit (ICU) is assigned a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Based on this data, which type of precaution does the nurse implement when providing direct care? 1) Droplet 2) Reverse 3) Standard 4) Contact

3) Standard

The nurse is providing care to a patient, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/uL. Which classification of HIV should the nurse document for this patient? 1) Stage 0 2) Stage 1 3) Stage 2 4) Stage 3

4) Stage 3

An HIV-infected patient presents at the clinic for a scheduled CD4+ count. The results of the test are 45 cells/mL, and the nurse recognizes the patients increased risk for Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC disease). The nurse should anticipate the administration of what drug? A) Azithromycin B) Vancomycin C) Levofloxacin D) Fluconazole

A) Azithromycin

A nurse is completing a nutritional status of a patient who has been admitted with AIDS-related complications. What components should the nurse include in this assessment? Select all that apply. A) Serum albumin level B) Weight history C) White blood cell count D) Body mass index E) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level

A) Serum albumin level B) Weight history D) Body mass index E) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level

A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. The nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS at the point when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold? A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood

B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient with stage 3 HIV. After assessing the patients gastrointestinal system and analyzing the data, what is most likely to be the priority nursing diagnosis? A) Acute Abdominal Pain B) Diarrhea C) Bowel Incontinence D) Constipation

B) Diarrhea

A nurse is assessing a 28-year-old man with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the patient, which of the following observations takes immediate priority? A) Oral temperature of 100F B) Tachypnea and restlessness C) Frequent loose stools D) Weight loss of 1 pound since yesterday

B) Tachypnea and restlessness

A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with AIDS. A friend comes to visit the patient and privately asks the nurse about the risk of contracting HIV when visiting the patient. What is the nurses best response? A) Do you think that you might already have HIV? B) Don't worry. Your immune system is likely very healthy. C) AIDS isn't transmitted by casual contact. D) You cant contract AIDS in a hospital setting.

C) AIDS isn't transmitted by casual contact.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the morning, the patient tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently coughed up some blood. What is the nurses most appropriate action? A) Assess the patient for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposis sarcoma. B) Review the patients most recent viral load and CD4+ count. C) Place the patient on respiratory isolation and inform the physician. D) Perform oral suctioning to reduce the patients risk for aspiration.

C) Place the patient on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.

An 18-year-old pregnant female has tested positive for HIV and asks the nurse if her baby is going to be born with HIV. What is the nurses best response? A) There is no way to know that for certain, but we do know that your baby has a one in four chance of being born with HIV. B) Your physician is likely the best one to ask that question. C) If the baby is HIV positive there is nothing that can be done until it is born, so try your best not to worry about it now. D) Its possible that your baby could contract HIV, either before, during, or after delivery.

D) Its possible that your baby could contract HIV, either before, during, or after delivery.

A patients current antiretroviral regimen includes nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the patients medication regimen? A) Avoid high-fat meals while taking this medication. B) Limit fluid intake to 2 liters a day. C) Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day. D) Take this medication without regard to meals.

D) Take this medication without regard to meals.

Which patient who has arrived at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic should the nurse assess first? a. Patient whose rapid HIV-antibody test is positive. b. Patient whose latest CD4+ count has dropped to 250/µL. c. Patient who has had 10 liquid stools in the last 24 hours. d. Patient who has nausea from prescribed antiretroviral drugs.

c. Patient who has had 10 liquid stools in the last 24 hours.

The nurse is advising a patient who was exposed 4 days ago to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through unprotected sexual intercourse. The patient's antigen-antibody test has just been reported as negative for HIV. What information should the nurse give to this patient? a. "You will need to be retested in 2 weeks." b. "You do not need to fear infecting others." c. "We won't know for about 10 years if you have HIV infection." d. "With no symptoms and this negative test, you do not have HIV."

a. "You will need to be retested in 2 weeks."

To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which laboratory test result will the nurse review? a. Viral load testing b. Enzyme immunoassay c. Rapid HIV antibody testing d. Immunofluorescence assay

a. Viral load testing

Which exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown? a. Bite to the arm that does not result in open skin b. Splash into the eyes while emptying a bedpan containing stool c. Needle stick with a needle and syringe used for a venipuncture d. Contamination of open skin lesions with patient vaginal secretions

c. Needle stick with a needle and syringe used for a venipuncture