Chapter 23 Plant Evolution and Diversity

Which of the following is a male reproductive structure found in plants? A. archegonia B. megaspore C.pollen cone D. pistil

C.pollen cone

(T/F): The gymnosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within a fruit.

False

Which of the following groups of plants contain microphylls? A. Lycophytes B. Pteridophytes C. Bryophytes D. Gymnosperms E. Angiosperms

A. Lycophytes

dentify the species that is not classified as a pteridophyte. A. Marchantia B. Equisetum C. Hart's tongue D. Psilotum

A. Marchantia

Which of the following statements about lycophytes is correct? A. The megaspores will develop into female gametophytes. B. The microspores will develop into female gametophytes. C. The megaspores will develop into male gametophytes. D. Lycophytes were the first land plants to evolve megaphylls.

A. The megaspores will develop into female gametophytes.

What is the correct sequence of events during the life cycle of a moss? a. Gametes are produced in the archegonia and antheridia b. Spores are released c. The zygote develops within the archegonium d. The mature sporophyte develops from the gametophyte and produces spores e. Flagellated sperm swim towards the egg for fertilization f. Spore germinates into the protonema A. a - e - c - d - b - f B. a - e - f - d - b - c C. a - b - d - c - b - f D. f - e - b - d - a - c

A. a - e - c - d - b - f

Which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence? A. a cuticle B. apical cells C. plasmodesmata D. placenta E. all of these features would have helped

A. a cuticle

Which plant structure is not found in the lycophytes? A. archegonia B. rhizome C. microspores D. microphylls

A. archegonia

Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from A. charophytes. B. rhodophyta. C. dinoflagellates. D. the water molds. E. ciliates.

A. charophytes.

Which portion of the plant life cycle is haploid? A. gametophyte B. sporophyte C. both sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid D. zygote

A. gametophyte

In the moss life cycle, the ______ is the dominant generation. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

A. haploid gametophyte

Gymnosperm are characterized by producing "naked seeds". Which of the following group is not classified as a gymnosperm? A. horsetails B. cycads C. conifers D. gnetophytes E. ginkgoes

A. horsetails

All of the following are nonvascular plants EXCEPT A. lycophytes. B. liverworts. C. mosses. D. hornworts.

A. lycophytes.

Molecular data suggests that hornworts, liverworts, and mosses A. share common ancestry but do not form a monophyletic group. B. do not share common ancestry and form a polyphyletic group. C. share common ancestry, but form a monophyletic group. D. None of the answer choices are correct.

A. share common ancestry but do not form a monophyletic group.

Asexual reproduction in the liverwort Marchantia is by means of A. the detachment of gemmae. B. budding of daughter cells. C. fragmentation of filaments of cells. D. the fusion of antheridial and archegonial products.

A. the detachment of gemmae.

Angiosperms are _______ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species. A.dioecious B. monoecious C. tetraploid D. bryophytes

A.dioecious

Which of the following features would not be found in the bryophytes? A. A life cycle that consists of an alternation of generations. B. Using megaphylls to increase their photosynthetic ability. C. Production of flagellated sperm during reproduction. D. A gametophyte that is dependent upon the sporophyte for support and nutrition.

B. Using megaphylls to increase their photosynthetic ability.

It is possible to take the mature frond of many ferns and rub the brown growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss. Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs. What has happened? A. You have broken off male and female structures from the bottom of the fern frond, and they united on the wet plug to form the sporophyte generation called a prothallus. B. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus. C. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form rhizomes that develop an indusium. D. You have broken the indusium on the bottom of the fern frond, and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the sporophyte made of an archegonium and an antheridium. E. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the fiddleheads that will develop into more fronds.

B. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus.

All land plants have ________ life cycle(s). A. a diplontic B. an alternation of generations C. both diplontic and alternation of generations D. haplontic and alternation of generations E. haplontic, diplontic, and alternation of generations

B. an alternation of generations

The dominant plants in modern times are the _________ due to their relationship with animal pollinators. A. gymnosperms B. angiosperms C. club mosses D. ferns

B. angiosperms

The first plants to colonize land were the A. gametophytes. B. bryophytes. C. pteridophytes. D. lycophytes.

B. bryophytes.

The fiddlehead is a _______ that unfolds into a ______. A. diploid gametophyte; fern frond B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond C. haploid sporophyte; fern frond D. haploid gametophyte; fern frond E. diploid gametophyte; moss plant

B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond

A derived trait of land plants is the presence of small openings that allow gaseous exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called A. cuticles. B. stomata. C. thallus. D. rhizoids.

B. stomata.

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant? A. An egg is produced in an archegonium. B. A sperm is produced in an antheridium. C. The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg. D. The eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant. E. Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation.

C. The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.

In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the A. sporangia. B. fruit. C. gametophyte. D. homospores. E. strobili.

C. gametophyte.

Identify the feature found in Cooksonia that qualify it as a vascular plant. A. presence of roots B. contained leaves C. had branches that ended in sporangia D. produced windblown spores

C. had branches that ended in sporangia

A microspore develops into a(n) A. seed. B. sporophyte. C. male gametophyte. D. female gametophyte. E. ovule.

C. male gametophyte.

The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the A. green algae. B. tracheophytes. C. rhyniophytes. D. bryophytes. E. tree ferns.

C. rhyniophytes.

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, seeds disperse the _________ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns, spores disperse the ___________ stage of the life cycle. A. sporophyte; sporophyte B. gametophye; sporophyte C. sporophyte; gametophyte D. microsporocytes; megasporocytes

C. sporophyte; gametophyte

All of the following characteristics are among the adaptations of plants to life on land EXCEPT A. protection of the embryo from drying out. B. waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out. C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out. D. vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally.

C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out.

Seedless vascular plants include all of the following EXCEPT A. Psilotum—Pteridophytes B. horsetails—Sphenophyta. C.Sphagnum—Bryophyta. D. whisk ferns—Psilotophyta.

C.Sphagnum—Bryophyta.

As plants invaded the land, there was A. greater availability of light for photosynthesis. B. greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. C. increased threat of desiccation of unprotected cells. D. All of the answer choices are correct.

D. All of the answer choices are correct.

Bryophytes A. can be found from the Antartic to the tropics. B. produce peat that can be used as fuel. C. erode rocks to produce soil. D. All of the answer choices are true regarding bryophytes.

D. All of the answer choices are true regarding bryophytes.

Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT A. a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue. B. a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant. C. stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere. D. All of the choices are adaptations.

D. All of the choices are adaptations.

Evidence for plants evolution from a freshwater algal species is supported by which of the following? A. Both green algae and plants have chlorophylls a and b and various accessory pigments. B. Both green algae and plants store excess carbohydrates as starch and have cellulose in their cell walls. C. Molecular evaluation of ribosomal RNA provides evidence of the evolutionary relationship of plants and green algae. D. All of the choices are evidence.

D. All of the choices are evidence.

In the fern life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

D. diploid sporophyte

Which of these vascular plants produce seeds? A. ferns B. club mosses C. whisk ferns D. gnetophytes E. horsetails

D. gnetophytes

When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site, it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n) A. antheridium. B. rhizoid. C. archegonium. D. protonema. E. thallus.

D. protonema.

In the pine life cycle, A. fertilization occurs shortly after pollination to produce the zygote. B. the gametophyte generation is dominant and the sporophyte generation is inconspicuous. C. seed cones are smaller than pollen cones. D. seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches. E. the cone is the fruit that surrounds the seeds.

D. seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches.

Which of the following descriptions applies to megaphylls? A. Can be found in both the pteridophytes and seed plants. B. Are broad leaves with strands of vascular tissues. C. These allowed early plants to photosynthesize more efficiently. D. None of these statements apply to megaphylls. E. All of the answer choices apply to megaphylls.

E. All of the answer choices apply to megaphylls.

Evolution of plants was marked by which of the following events? A. nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant B. the development of vascular tissues to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant C. seed production D. flowers produced E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte? A. Nonvascular tissues. B. Gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. C. Presence of flagellated sperm. D. Ability to reproduce sexually and asexually. E. None of these features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte.

E. None of these features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte.

Which benefit did the lycophytes derive from their evolution of megaphylls? A. An increased ability to capture more solar energy. B. Increased ability to produce greater stores of food. C. Their fitness would have increased due to a greater ability to photosynthesize. D. All of these are benefits they would have received. E. They would not have received any of these benefits.

E. They would not have received any of these benefits.

Flagellated sperm and a sporophyte that is dependent on the gametophyte are characteristics of A. gymnosperm. B. angiosperm. C. liverworts. D. moss. E. liverworts and mosses.

E. liverworts and mosses.

Characteristics of eudicots include all EXCEPT A. two cotyledons. B. leaves with netted veins. C. woody or herbaceous plants. D. flower parts in fours and fives. E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

(T/F): Fossils of vascular appear earlier in the fossil record than those of algae.

False

(T/F): Only lycophytes have true roots, stems, and leaves.

False

(T/F): The largest and oldest trees in the world that are pollinated by animals are conifers.

False