Chapter 25: Anatomy of the Digestive System
The volume of saliva secreted per day is about:
1 liter
The first baby tooth, on an average, appears at age"
6 months
The permanent central incisor erupts between the ages of ___________________.
7 and 8
cecum
GI tract segment
jejunum
GI tract segment
mouth
GI tract segment
oropharynx
GI tract segment
sigmoid colon
GI tract segment
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the esophagus?
It lies anterior to the trachea and posterior to the heart.
In complete sentences, discuss what is believed to be the function of the vermaform appendix.
The function of the appendix is not certain. It may serve as a breeding ground for intestinal bacteria often called intestinal flora. The predominance of nonpathogenic bacteria is thought to help disease. Some of these bacteria are thought to aid in the digestion or absorption of essential nutrients.
Which of the following is an accurate description of salivary glands?
They secrete about one liter of saliva per day.
liver
accessory organ
pancreas
accessory organ
salivary glands
accessory organ
teeth
accessory organ
vermiform appendix
accessory organ
Sjögren's syndrome
autoimmune disease that targets salivary and tear glands
After food has been chewed, it is formed into a small rounded mass called a:
bolus
The act of swallowing moves a mass of food called a _______________ from the mouth to the stomach.
bolus
Blood flows to hepatic lobules via branches of the:
both a and b; hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein
Helicobacter pylori
causes most gastric and duodenal ulcers
Which one is NOT part of the small intestine?
cecum
Brian is experiencing difficulty digesting fatty foods and is displaying a yellow discoloration of his skin. What may be causing his condition? What is the clinical term used to describe the yellow appearance of his skinand what is the physiology? How could doctors treat his condition and what are the names of the procedures?
cholelithiasis; jaundice; obstruction of bile flow; cholecystectomy or ultrasound lithotripsy
A merger of the hepatic duct and cystic duct form the:
common bile duct
The union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct forms the:
common bile duct
orthodontics
corrects malocclusion
The portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel is the:
crown
hemorrhoids
dilated veins
The correct order of small intestine divisions, starting proximal to the stomach, is:
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The crown of a tooth is covered with:
enamel
Bile is manufactured by the Kupffer cells of the liver.
false
The fundus, pyloric, and plicae are the three main divisions of the stomach.
false
The hepatic flexure of the large intestine is also called the left collic structure.
false
The nonpathogenic location of the colon are thought to be produced in the sigmoid colon.
false
The philtrum is a fold of mucous membrane that helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
false
The soft palate forms a partition between the mouth and oropharynx.
false
The splenic colon is the S-shaped segment that terminates in the rectum.
false
The splenic flexor is the bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon.
false
The tissue layers of the GI tract are constant, with no variation in the different organs.
false
There are 20 deciduous teeth and 30 permanent teeth.
false
Bile salts aid in the absorption of:
fat
The hard palate consists of:
four bones: two maxillae and two palatine
Cholelithiasis is the term used to describe:
gallstones
heartburn
gastric reflux
A general term for infection of the gums is:
gingivitis
gingivitis
infection of gums
proctitis
inflammation of the rectal mucosa
Each villus in the intestine contains a lymphatic vessel or ______ that serves to absorb lipid or fat materials from the chyme.
lacteal
The largest gland in the body is the:
liver
The lesser omentum attaches the:
liver to lesser curvature of stomach
The anatomical units of the liver are called:
lobules
appendicitis
low incidence in elderly
anal fissures
minor laceration
Starting from the deepest layer, in moving towards the most superficial, the layers of the wall of the GI tract are:
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
pyloric stenosis
obdestructive narrowing
Which of the layers of the muscularis is present only in the stomach?
oblique muscle layer
Another term for hemorrhoids is:
piles
Beginning with the largest structures, which of the following is a correct description of the small intestine's adaptation for absorption?
plicae, villi, microvilli
The type of teeth that do NOT appear as deciduous teeth are:
premolars
Which of the following controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine?
pyloric sphincter
Baby Billy has been regurgitating his bottle feeding at every meal. The milk is curdled, but does not appear to be digested. He has become dehydrated, so his mother, Amanda, is taking him to the pediatrician. What is a possible diagnosis from your textbook reading?
pylorospasm
Which of the following teeth is missing from the deciduous arch?
second premolar
The ducts of the _______________ glands open into the floor of the mouth.
sublingual
mumps
swelling of parotid glands
A typical tooth can be divided into three main parts: crown, neck, and root.
true
Gastrointestinal tract and alimentary canal are synonymous terms.
true
Hemorrhoids are enlargements of veins in the anal canal.
true
Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and are thought to produce intrinsic factor.
true
Surgical removal of the gallbladder is called chloecystectomy.
true
The act of swallowing is termed deglutition.
true
The cardiac sphincter controls the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.
true
The esophagus is voluntary in the upper third, mixed in the middle, and in voluntary in the lower third.
true
The first step in the digestive process is called mechanical digestion and the second phase of digestion is called chemical digestion.
true
The folds in the lining of the stomach are called rugae.
true
The function of the appendix is uncertain.
true
The liver consists of two lobes separated by the falciform ligament.
true
The mesentery is a fan- shaped projection of the parietal peritoneum.
true
The oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity.
true
The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
true
The pouch-like structures of the large intestines are hauctra.
true
The stomach secretes the intrinsic factor.
true
The serosa is actually:
visceral peritoneum
Another name for the third molar is:
wisdom tooth