Chapter 3
masculine-feminine dimension
a continuum of authority from heirarchical (masculine) to egalitarian (feminine).
Kluckhohn and strodtbeck's value orientation model
a model of worldview (of a culture) based upon value orientation with dimensions of: time focus, human activity, social relations, and people/nature
collectivism
a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the group's or collective's preferences, needs and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual.
individualism
a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member.
guilt v shame
guilt is more common in individualistic cultures/idiocentric individuals, whereas shame is more common in collectivist cultures/allocentric individuals
people/nature relationship
how peopel relate to nature, be it subjugated to nature, in harmony with nature, or mastery over nature
countercultural individuals
idiocentric individuals living in collectivist cultures or allocentric individuals residing in individualistic culture.
social relations: individualistic orientation
individualism
idiocentrism
individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. individualism refers to the society, whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual.
Derald wing sue's worldview model
looked at an individual's worldview based on perceived locus of control and locus of responsibility
Human activity: being
Being = an individual's being accepted just as he/she is.
human activity: being and in becoming
Being and in becoming = an individual's evolving into something different and presumably better.
human activity: doing
Doing = an individual's being valued for the activity in which they are engaged.
social relations: lineal orientation
Lineal orientation = a respect for the hierarchy within one's family.
etic perspective
an attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures.
emic perspective
an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture.
time focus
an orientation that values a particular time perspective. some cultures value the past, some value the present, some value the future. although all cultures value all three, some cultures value one of these perspectives more than do other cultures
allocentrism
collectivist tendencies that reside within an individual. collectivism refers to the society whereas allocentrism refers to the individual
face giving/giving face
extolling the virtues of another person in public
marginal man
stonequist's concept of how one feels when one is caught between two worlds (for ex. minorities who might believe that they are responsible for their position in life as per society, but also don't believe that they have any control over the outcome of their lives).
human activity
the distinction among being, being and in becoming, and doing.
social relations
the distinction among lineal, collateral, and individualistic.
locus of control
the focus of control over outcomes in one's life: either internal or external
locus of responsibility
the focus of responsibility for one's position in life: internal feelings of responsibility or external societal responsibility
imposed etics
the imposition of one culture's worldview on another culture, assuming that one's own worldviews are universal
social relations: collateral orientation
the same as collectivism