chapter 3 practice psy

_____ cells have a single axon and a single dendrite.

Bipolar

was the first to discover that neurons are complex structures composed of three basic parts. Cajal Weber James Descartes

Cajal

Steve experience brain trauma from a motorcycle accident and is now having difficulty understanding what others say to him, even though he can form coherent sentences. Based on this deficit, Steve's _____ area was likely damaged during the stroke. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Wernicke's area hippocampus Broca's area amygdala

Correct: Wernicke's area

Through the case study of Phineas Gage, researchers found that the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. temporal lobe is primarily responsible for planning. spinal cord plays an important part in decision making. frontal lobe is involved in planning, decision making, and emotion regulation. frontal lobe was not involved in emotion regulation.

Correct: frontal lobe is involved in planning, decision making, and emotion regulation.

Which sequence shows the CORRECT order of prenatal central nervous system development? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. spinal cord, neural tube, midbrain, cerebral cortex forebrain, hindbrain, neural tube, spinal cord cerebral cortex, hindbrain, spinal cord, neural tube neural tube, spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebral cortex

Correct: neural tube, spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebral cortex

When David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel were investigating single-neuron firing, they found that different neurons in the primary visual cortex respond to contrasting edges of particular: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. size.. orientation. width. shades.

Correct: orientation

Jack wants to learn about how the brain has evolved in humans. To investigate this, Jack should study the _____ of the brain. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. phylogeny specialization ontogeny plasticity

Correct: phylogeny

Ilana is having a baby and it is only three and a half weeks since conception. At this stage, which central nervous system structure(s) will have begun to form? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the cerebral cortex the cerebellum the spinal cord the cerebral hemispheres

Correct: the spinal cord

A person who suffers from seizures caused by too much glutamate might be prescribed a drug containing _____ because this type of neurotransmitter inhibits information transmission.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

The specialization of neurons by location is exemplified by _____, which connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord. pyramidal neurons Purkinje cells sensory neurons bipolar cells

Purkinje cells

What did researchers learn from split-brain procedures? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Brain damage always leads to a nonfunctional state of living. The different brain hemispheres have some independent functions. Speech production and comprehension are related to different brain areas. The frontal lobe is involved in emotional regulation, planning, and decision making.

The different brain hemispheres have some independent functions.

Which statement is TRUE about the major components of the brain? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. They are all independent and do not interact at all. They are all interdependent and interact with one another. The hindbrain and midbrain interact but are independent of the forebrain. The hindbrain and midbrain only interact with the forebrain, not with each other.

They are all interdependent and interact with one another.

The electrical impulse that is sent down the length of a neuron's axon is referred to as the _____.

action potential

Donna has been suffering from depression. Her psychiatrist prescribes Prozac with works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus increasing the amount of serotonin in her brain. Prozac works as a(n):

agonist.

The _____ areas of the brain allow information to be connected to meaning, with neurons in the region being more adaptable to change.

association

Neurotransmitters sometimes bind to _____, which detect how much of a neurotransmitter is in a synapse and signal the neuron to stop releasing more.

autoreceptors

direct(s) and produce(s) human behaviors, personality traits, and even psychological disorders.

both genes and environment

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry signals within the brain. Based on their location, these would be a component of the _____ nervous system.

central

Charlese has a problem with anxiety. Her psychiatrist told her that her that her way of thinking about situations causes her adrenal glands to produce too much adrenaline and noradrenaline. If her anxiety is beginning in her brain, it is coming from her _____ nervous system, and if it is beginning in his gland, it is coming from her _____ nervous system.

central; peripheral

The _____ is a large structure in the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

cerebellum

The first stage of neural communication, _____, is the movement of the signal within a single neuron. _____ is the movement of a signal between neurons.

conduction; Transmission

Information is transmitted within the neuron as a(n) _____ signal, and information transmission between neurons is a(n) _____ signal.

electrical; chemical

Functional imaging allows researchers to watch the brain in action by detecting the use of _____ by brain structures.

energy

A person who incurs damage to the amygdala is likely to be impaired at: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. feeling frightened in a dark alley remembering the name of a new colleague. riding a bicycle. knowing they are hungry.

feeling frightened in a dark alley

A method of scanning, abbreviated as _____, directly measures the activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood in the brain and body.

fmri

What guides the development of the brain for both an individual and a species?

genes

The brain can be organized into areas that perform simple functions to areas that perform more complex functions. Which order begins with the area that is most simple in its functions and ends with the area that is most complex in its functions? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain midbrain, forebrain, hindbrain hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Patients with amnesia who cannot form new memories usually have damage to the:

hippocampus.

Studies have shown that rats will press a bar that initiates stimulation of their _____ to the point of exhaustion. This demonstrates that this area is associated with reward and pleasure.

hypothalamus

The reason it is important for neurotransmitters to be deactivated after they deliver their message is because:

if they did not deactivate, there would be no end to the messages being delivered.

Which response is NOT caused by the sympathetic nervous system in the face of threat? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increased response to pain suppressed immune response inhibited salivation increased heart rate

increased response to pain

Kelsey is interested in how different parts of her brain are responsible for different behaviors. One of the most basic things she should know is that tasks such as her ability to eat and breathe are performed at "_____" levels of her brain, and her ability to do mathematics and ponder the meaning of life are performed at "_____" levels.

lower; higher

Carlos is a competitive swimmer, and it is important for his vitals to be well coordinated. The structure in the hindbrain called the _____ keeps these synchronized to help him function as a successful swimmer.

medulla

Francisco is a long-distance runner, and it is important for his vital organs and function such as breathing to be well-coordinated. The structure in the hindbrain called the _____ keeps these synchronized to help him function as a successful runner. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. pons medulla reticular formation cerebellum

medulla

DNA _____ refers to adding a methyl group to DNA. This does not alter the basic DNA sequence, but it switches off the gene.

methylation

Karen is watching a horror movie, and when a really gory scene occurs, she cannot help but turn away. It is likely that the small area of her brain called the _____ has caused her to do this. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hippocampus hindbrain midbrain forebrain

midbrain

When McKinley sees Tyler reach for a doughnut at work, she knows he is probably doing this because he is hungry. Researchers think _____ allow her to make this inference

mirror neurons

Jackie loves it when her boyfriend lightly caresses her hand as opposed to her arm because she feels much more sensation in her hand. She has more sensitivity in her hand because: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. -more of her somatosensory cortex is devoted to her hand. -she has fewer neurons in her hand. -it takes longer for this signal to travel to the brain. -multiple areas of the brain are connected to her hand.

more of her somatosensory cortex is devoted to her hand.

Neurotransmitters differ from hormones because: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. -neurotransmitters travel through the bloodstream. -hormones are not chemically based. -neurotransmitters are released at the site where they interact. -neurotransmitters travel a long distance to their site.

neurotransmitters are released at the site where they interact.

Dr. Harper studies how the brain develops in individuals prenatally and over the life span. Dr. Harper studies the _____ of the brain. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. specialization ontogeny plasticity phylogeny

ontogeny

Dr. Suarez does research on the endocrine system. She studies the _____ gland, which is a pea-sized gland located in the center of the brain just under the hypothalamus. This gland dictates the release of hormones by the other glands.

pituitary

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter involved in:

preventing neurons from firing.

Jason was in a serious automobile accident in which he suffered significant head trauma. He has been in a coma for the last 3 months. Jason's coma was likely caused by damage to the area of the hindbrain known as the:

reticular formation

When Nick reaches for his fork to take a bite of his pasta, he can consciously do so because he is using the _____ nervous system. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. central autonomic sympathetic somatic

somatic

Damage to the _____ may sever the connection from the brain to the sensory and motor neurons. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. peripheral nervous system spinal cord skull skeletal muscles

spinal cord

The neural tube grows to form the basis of the _____.

spinal cord

Sheri is walking in her backyard and feels something sharp on the bottom of her foot and immediately lifts her weight off her foot to remove it from the ground. Sheri's lifting weight off her foot to remove the pain is caused by her: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. automatic response. brain reflexes. sympathetic response. spinal reflexes.

spinal reflexes

A chromosome is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. strands of DNA wound around each other in a double-helix configuration. a cell in the nervous system that allows for communication. the center of a cell where chromosomes are located. a unit of hereditary transmission found on DNA.

strands of DNA wound around each other in a double-helix configuration.

Jack is driving down an unfamiliar road at night and an animal darts out in front of his car. Jack quickly slams on the brakes and avoids hitting the animal. Jack's ability to respond quickly to this situation was MOST likely promoted by his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. spinal reflexes. parasympathetic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system. somatic nervous system.

sympathetic nervous system.

Although neurons do not physically touch each other, the _____ is a small gap between neurons where information from the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron.

synapse

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit information across the _____ to dendrites on the receiving neuron.

synapse

While in class, Juanita heard a loud crashing sound in the back of the lecture hall and turned to see that a pile of books was dropped on the floor. This behavior is likely guided by an area of her midbrain called the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. amygdala. pons. medulla. tectum.

tectum

Cecilia had a stroke in the left side of her brain and developed an inability to comprehend language. She MOST likely suffered damage to her left _____ lobe. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. frontal temporal occipital parietal

temporal

Gary was in a car accident and afterwards developed prosopagnosia, or an inability to recognize faces. Based on this problem, he may have suffered damage to his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hippocampus. amygdala. motor neurons. temporal lobe.

temporal lobe.

The synapse is a small gap between neurons where information from: the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron. the axon of one neuron is sent to the axon of another neuron. the dendrite of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron. the dendrite of one neuron is sent to the axon of another neuron.

the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron.

Which two portions of the central nervous system are absolutely essential to survival? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the midbrain and the spinal cord the forebrain and the hindbrain the hindbrain and the midbrain the midbrain and the forebrain

the hindbrain and the midbrain

Vijay has problems orienting to sounds. For example, he cannot tell from which direction music is coming, either the television or the stereo. What area of his central nervous system is likely malfunctioning the midbrain the spinal cord the amygdala the hindbrain

the midbrain

A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a dog on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a tree on the right side of a computer screen. When asked to say what object he saw, he will report _____ and, when asked to use his right hand to draw the object he saw, he will draw a picture of a _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. dog; dog tree; tree tree; dog dog; tree

tree; tree

In which behavior is the midbrain likely to be involved? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. feeling alert after waking from a nap turning away from a gory scene in a movie mentally rotating an object in the mind increased respiration while running

turning away from a gory scene in a movie

Which method has been used successfully to increase voluntary control over phantom limbs? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. having patients look in mirror to see that their limb is gone using a mirror box to create an illusion of a restored limb watching instructional videos about gaining control having patients try to mentally control their missing limb

using a mirror box to create an illusion of a restored limb