Chapter 38

What identified risk factors make it necessary for liver transplant patients to undergo

1. Current abuse of alcohol 2. Ineffective psychosocial support system

Which manifestation is typical of hepatocellular failure? (Select all that apply.)

1. Hypoalbuminemia 2. Glucose imbalance 3. Osteomalacia

Portal hypertension occurs as a result of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

1. Obstruction of blood flow in the liver's venous sinusoids 2. Impaired drainage into the central veins 3. A buildup of venous pressure

Appropriate early treatment for infants with jaundice-related encephalopathy may include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

1. Phenobarbital to increase the levels of UDPGT 2. Phototherapy (bili-lights) 3. Exchange transfusions

Which statement characterizes the nature and capabilities of the liver? (Select all that apply.)

1. The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats. 2. Blood detoxification is a function of the liver 3. The liver is vulnerable to illness, but has considerable repair abilities

The blood supply is delivered to the liver by way of

A dual arterial sources

The major indication of a failed Kasai procedure is

biliary atresia

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to

blood or semen

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat

cerebral edema.

What term is used to describe the process of converting bilirubin from its freely lipid-soluble form to the form that is tightly bound to the plasma protein albumin?

conjugation

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

octreotide acetate.

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

portal hypertension.

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

hepatitis

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?

hepatitis B

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

increased blood ammonia levels.

The primary signs and symptoms of hepatic derangements

Are similar regardless of primary or secondary causes

Esophageal varices are a complication of liver disease and are a result of

Elevated portal pressure

Biliary atresia is classified as a condition of

Extrahepatic ductopenia

Reye syndrome is characterized by encephalopathy

Secondary to severe hepatic dysfunction

The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is which of the following?

Usually associated with chronic viral hepatitis

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as _____ hepatitis B.

acute

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

alcohol-induced injury

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis.

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

elevated ferritin

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

fat

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is

gastroesophageal varices

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.

hemolysis

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called

kernicterus.

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

live disease

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________diet.

low-protein and high-fiber

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

wilson