Chapter 4; Energy
One form of energy is kinetic energy, kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. Another type of energy is potential energy, potential energy is energy that results from the position or shape of an object. Another form of energy is thermal energy, thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object. Another type of energy is electrical energy, electrical energy is the energy of electric charges. Another form of energy is electromagnetic energy, electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that travels through space in waves. Lastly, another type of energy is chemical energy, chemical energy is potential energy stored in chemical bonds.
Describe six different forms of energy.
The bowling ball has kinetic energy as it is rolling down towards the bowling pins. As it hits the pins the ball's speed decrease which means its kinetic energy is also decrease which means that its potential energy is increasing.
Describe the energy of a bowling ball as it rolls toward and hits a bowling pin.
electric charges
Electrical energy is the energy of_____________________.
waves
Electromagnetic energy travels through space in the form of_______________________.
joules.
Energy and work are measured in
created
Energy can be neither destroyed nor
joules
Energy is measured in units called
change
Energy is the ability to do work or cause
nuclear energy.
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called
The football has both potential and kinetic energy becauase when the person is getting ready to throw the ball it has potential energy but when the ball is flying threw the air it has kinetic energy. When potential and kinetic energy are added together it is called mechanical energy.
Explain why a thrown football has both potential and kinetic energy. What is the combined energy called?
electromagnetic energy
Fusion reactions in the Sun change nuclear energy into
You must lift the book 0.4 m because you take 20 x 0.5 = 10 then you take 10 divided by 25 = 0.4 m.
How high must you lift a 25-newton book for it to have the same increase in potential energy as a 20-newton book that was lifted 0.5 m?
Add its kinetic and potential energies.
How would you calculate an object's mechanical energy?
It will eventually come to a stop because of friction in air.
If the pendulum is allowed to continue to swing, it will eventually come to a stop. Explain why.
4
If the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy is multiplied by______________________.
true
In a machine, work output is less than work input because some energy is converted into thermal energy.
potential energy
In a pendulum, a continuous change occurs between kinetic energy and
At point E the potential energy is increasing because the hight is greater than it is at point C. Also because that is the point when kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.
Is the potential energy of the pendulum increasing or decreasing at position E? Explain.
electrical
Lightning is a form of_________________energy.
shape
Mechanical energy is associated with the motion, position, or________________________of an object.
the Sun
Nuclear fusion reactions occur in
shape
Potential energy results from the_______________or position of an object.
gravitational potential energy.
Potential energy that depends on height is called
transferred
Power is the rate at which energy is_______________.
energy
The ability to do work or cause change
energy
The ability to do work or cause change is called
chemical
The breaking of___________________bonds in food releases energy for your body to use.
height
The gravitational potential energy of an object is equal to its weight multiplied by its
false
The kinetic energy of a book on a shelf is equal to the work done to lift the book to the shelf.
squared
The kinetic energy of an object is equal to one half its mass multiplied by its speed
conservation of energy
The law of_____________________________states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
conservation
The law of____________________of energy tells how much energy is present after electromagnetic energy changes to sound.
neclear energy
The potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
power
The rate at which energy is transferred is called
thermal energy
The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles of an object is the object's
lower
The_________________the temperature of an object, the lower its thermal energy.
kinetic and potential energy
To find an object's mechanical energy, you add its
thermal
To maintain your body temperature, your body converts chemical potential energy into________________________energy.
mechanical energy
What type of energy does a spinning turbine have?
chemical energy into thermal energy
What type of energy transformation is taking place when natural gas is used to heat water?
true
When work is done on an object, the object gains energy.
transferred
When you do work on an object, some of your energy is___________________to that object.
transformations
When you use a match to light a candle, multiple____________________of energy occur.
thermal
Whenever a moving object experiences friction, some of its kinetic energy is changed into___________________energy.
The basketball has the greatest amout of kinetic energy is at point E this is because it is the greatest right before it hits the ground.
Which letter represents the position at which the basketball has the greatest kinetic energy? Explain.
The ball has the greatest amout of potential energy at point C when it is highest in the air, about to come back down.
Which letter represents the position at which the basketball has the greatest potential energy? Explain.
a rolling bowling ball
Which of the following has kinetic energy?
mechanical
Your body changes chemical energy into_________________energy when you walk up stairs.
energy transforation
a change from one form of energy to another
electromagnetic energy
a form of energy that travels through space as waves
According to the law of conservation of energy the sum would be the same at position A and position C.
compare the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the pendulum at position A to the sum at position C. (Ignore friction.)
kinetic energy
energy due to motion
elastic potential energy
energy stored by something that can stretch or compress
gravitational potential energy
potential energy related to an object's height
chemical energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
mechanical energy
the energy associated with the motion and position, or shape of an object
electrical energy
the energy of electric charges
law of conservation of energy
the law that states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is lost in the process
thermal energy
the total kinetic and potitial energy of the particals in an object
after it hits the ground
A baseball in play has its lowest gravitational potential energy
energy transformation
A change from one form of energy to another is called a(n)__________________________.
greater
A change in an object's speed has a__________________effect on its kinetic energy than a change in its mass.
true
A compressed spring has elastic potential energy.
mechanical energy
A form of energy NOT associated with the particles of objects is
mass
A large truck and a small car are moving at the same speed. The truck has greater kinetic energy because its_______________is greater.
gravitational potential
A mountain climber at the peak has_____________energy.
false
A nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of atoms join together is called nuclear fission.
elastic potential energy
A stretched rubber band has________________energy.
transformed
All forms of energy can be______________________into other forms of energy.
a match.
An example of something that stores chemical energy is
kinetic
As water runs over a waterfall, its potential energy is converted into____________________________energy