Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture (1)

Key Issues (2):

Folk leisure activities typically have anonymous origins, diffuse through relocation diffusion, and have limited distribution.

_________ culture is transmitted from one location to another more slowly and on a smaller scale, primarily through relocation diffusion.

Folk.

Many sports originated as isolated _______ customs and were diffused through relocation diffusion. The contemporary diffusion of organized sports, however, displays the characteristics of ______ culture. Folk or popular?

Folk/ popular.

When did the diffusion of American popular music worldwide begin?

During the 1940's, when the Armed Forces Radio Network broadcast music to American soldiers and to citizens of countries where American forces were stationed or fighting *during World War 2.*

Key Issues (1):

Folk culture and popular culture have distinctive patterns of origin, diffusion, and distribution.

Which culture often has anonymous hearths? Popular or folk culture?

Folk culture.

Which culture's songs usually originate anonymously and are transmitted orally?

Folk culture.

When did the transformation of football from an English folk custom to global popular culture begin?

1800s.

The combination of what 2 concepts influence distinctive distributions of folk culture?

A combination of local physical and cultural factors.

What may folk songs convey?

A folk song can tell a story or convey information about life-cycle events, such as birth, death, and marriage, or environmental features, such as agriculture or climate.

Which 2 U.S. sports are not included in the Summer Olympics?

American football and baseball.

When did popular music originate?

Around the 1900's.

What are leisure activities?

Arts and recreation.

Give three examples of surviving folk sports:

Cricket, Wushu, and Baseball (surprisingly). Cricket is popular primarily in UK and former British colonies. Wushu are China's most popular sports. Baseball, once confined to North America, became popular in Japan after it was introduced by American soldiers who occupied the country (Japan) after WW2. *Another example of this*-Australia (football) is a sport distinct from soccer and the football played in North America (shocking!). This happened as a result of lack of interaction.

What is culture?

Culture is a body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

Where does culture originate?

Culture originates at the hearth.

What's the difference between custom and culture?

Custom may be used to show a specific element of material culture, whereas culture refers to a group's entire collection of customs.

What are the two elements of culture emphasized in Ch. 4?

Daily necessities and leisure activities.

What are the daily necessities of life?

Food, clothing, and shelter.

Pertaining to distribution, which culture is more extensive? Popular or folk culture?

In terms of distribution, popular culture is more extensive than folk culture.

Why does the combination of advances in industrial technology and increased leisure time work to bring an arise to popular music and other elements of popular culture, such as food and clothing? What is the result of this?

Industrial technology permits the uniform reproduction of objects in large quantities, like iPods, T-shirts, pizzas. Many of these objects help people enjoy their leisure time. Due to this, changes in the labor force have been made from predominantly agricultural work to manufacturing and service jobs.

What is the common element in professional sport?

It is the privilege of viewing, in person or on TV, events played by professional athletes.

What is the principle obstacle of popular culture?

Lack of income to purchase the material.

Despite groups' spacial proximity within each other, what is the reason for their distinctive folk customs?

Limited interaction.

What are material traits?

Material traits are the visible elements that a group possesses and leaves behind for the future.

Which culture is more often a product of developed countries, especially in North America and Europe? Popular or folk culture?

Popular culture.

___________ culture is typically traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular place, whereas __________ culture typically has an unknown point of origin.

Popular culture/ folk culture.

In contrast to folk music, ________ music is written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to or performed in front of a large number of people. Folk or popular?

Popular.

The spread of _________ culture, such as popular music, typically follows the process of hierarchical diffusion.

Popular.

________ music displays a high degree of technical skill through manipulation of sophisticated electronic equipment. Folk or popular?

Popular.

________ musicians have more connections with performers of similar styles, regardless of where they happen to live, than they do with performers of different styles who happen to live in the same community. Folk or popular?

Popular.

Where did soccer originate? When did it become part of a global popular culture?

Soccer originated as a folk custom in England during the eleventh century. It became a part of global popular culture in the 19th century.

The distribution of popular culture is influenced by what?

The ability of people to access the material.

What is a hearth?

The center of innovation.

Popular music and other elements of popular culture, such as food and clothing, arise from the combination of what two concepts?

The combination of advances in industrial technology and increased leisure time.

What two factors help explain the different spacial distributions between popular and folk cultures?

The process of origin (where it came from) and the pattern of diffusion (how it diffuses).

True or False? Artistic subjects show how folk customs are influenced by cultural institutions such as religion and by environmental processes such as climate, landforms, and vegetation.

True.

May folk culture also have multiple hearths, originating independently in isolated locations?

Yes.

Key Issues (3):

`Popular leisure activities typically originate with identifiable individuals or corporations, diffuse rapidly through hierarchical diffusion, and have widespread distribution.