Chapter 4: Fruits

leaf fibers

_____ _____ of pineapple are used for clothing.

raisins sulfur dioxide

_____ are grapes carefully dried with ______ ______ added as a preservative.

kiwis

_____ are nicknamed "fruit of the eighties."

fleshy

_____ fruits - the entire pericarp or any one or more of the three layers remain fleshy.

granatum

_____ in french means grenade.

pluot

_____ is a cross between plum and apricot.

fruit

_____ occurs only in angiosperms.

lassi

______ - a beverage made from a mix of ripe mangoes, yogurt and sugar.

samara

______ - a modified achene, with the pericarp developing into a wing-like structure that aids in dispersal.

amchur

______ - dry mango powder.

jackfruit

______ - large seeds are cooked as a vegetable.

maloideae

______ - rose subfamily that includes pome fruits.

endocarp

______ - the inner layer just outside of the seed.

mesocarp

______ - the middle layer.

pericarp

______ - the ovary becomes the fruit wall.

exocarp

______ - the skin of the fruit.

olives

______ - used as a fruit and source of oil in Italy.

Robert Johnson

______ ______ -ate tomato to prove it was not poisonous.

Johnny Appleseed

______ ________ - helped spread the apple trees through seedlings raised from the seeds.

Iraq and Saudi Arabia

______ and _____ ______ are the leaders in date cultivation.

strawberries

______ are individual achenes on accessory receptacle tissue.

quinces

______ are often mistaken for pears except for their sweeter, aromatic flesh.

accessory

______ fruits develop from the ovary plus additional parts of the flower, such as the receptacle, petals and sepals.

concord

______ grapes are used in juices, jams, and wines.

actinidin

______ is a protein degrading enzyme.

zucchini

______ is an immature summer squash.

tomato

______ is nicknamed the "apple of Peru" and "love apple."

mesocarp

______ is the fleshy, edible part of the plum.

Brazil

______ is the leading grower of of bananas in South America.

Turkey

______ is the world's leading producer of apricots.

Columbus

______ noted pineapple during his second voyage.

bromelain

______ protein degrading enzyme (found in pineapple).

schizocarp

_______ - composed of two units, each with its own single seed called a mericarp, which separate easily from each other in the middle.

amygdalin

_______ - gives almond flavor.

coconut

_______ - largest known seed.

rosoideae

_______ - rose subfamily that includes aggregate fruits.

spiraeoideae

_______ - rose subfamily that includes fruits that are dry and inedible.

amygdaloideae

_______ - rose subfamily that includes stone fruits.

rosaceae

_______ - the rose family

squashes

_______ are associated with the early history of mankind.

multiple

_______ fruit - a single fruit but formed as a result of the union of the mature ovaries, the surrounding flower pats, the receptacle, and the central axis of inflorescence.

jackfruit

_______ fruit is a combination of fertilized and other absorptive flower parts.

dehiscent

_______ fruits - the pericarp will split open to release the seeds for dispersal.

California

_______ is the avocado capital.

banana

_______ is the most popular tropical fruit.

coconut

_______ yields oil, fiber, food, building materials and drinks.

syconium

________ - a special inflorescence that has a flask-shaped hollow receptacle with a small opening at the top.

jackfruit

________ - fruits are large and round or oval.

jackfruit

________ - multiple fruit, skin leathery.

maraschino

________ cherry is put on tope of shakes.

cranberry

________ plants are creeping shrubs that are grown in boggy, periodically flooded areas.

blueberry

________ plants thrive best in acid soil.

anthocyanins

________ reduce inflammation.

watermelon

________ seeds (in China) - dyed red to friends and family during New Year celebrations as a symbol of truth, joy, happiness, and sincerity.

breadfruit

_________ - fruits are elongate, cooked as a vegetable.

chymopapain

_________ - used as a medicine and for making chewing gum and cosmetics.

parthenocarpic

_________ fruit develops from an unfertilized but mature ovary.

blueberries

a better brain with _______.

laxative

a prune is used as a natural ______.

rosaceae

almonds belong to the family of rosaceae.

rosaceae

apple belongs to the ______ family.

quercetin pectin tannin

apple contains _______, _____, and ______.

pome

apple is a _____ fruit.

temperate

apple trees are domesticated in ________ regions.

Asia

apples are native to _____.

semi-inferior

apples develop from _________ ovaries.

Hunza

apricots are an important part of the diet in ______ in the Himalayas.

Spaniards

apricots were introduced to the New World by ________.

19 1

avg US apple consumer: 1. ___ pounds a year 2. ___ apple a week

lauraceae

avocado belongs to the family of ________.

alligator pear

avocado is also called the _____ _____.

herbs

banana 'trees' are giant _____.

banana republics

banana has remained one of the most important cash crops in Latin American countries, which had led to being referred as ______ ________.

pseudoberry

banana is considered a ________.

rhizomes

banana trees can be propagated from underground ________.

monocot

bananas are ______ inflorescences.

Asia Australia

bananas are native to eastern ____ and _______.

musaceae

bananas belong to the family of _______.

abaca

bananas contain _____ fibers.

inferior

bananas develop from the _____ ovary.

preservatives

bitter oranges are used for _______.

sodium hydroxide

black and green olives - by treating with ______ ______.

brambles

blackberries and raspberries are commonly referred to as _______.

North America

blueberries and cranberries are native to _____ _________.

ericaceae

blueberries and cranberries belong to the family of ________.

inferior

blueberries and cranberries develop from ______ ovaries.

antioxidant superfruit

blueberries are an ________ powerhouse and also considered a ______.

lecythidaceae

brazil nuts belong to the family of _________.

Polynesia

breadfruit is native to ______.

cucurbitaceae

cantaloupe belongs to the family of ________.

polyphenol

cantaloupe contains ________ antioxidants.

India Africa

cantaloupe is native to _____ and ______.

New World

capsicum peppers are native to the _____ ______.

anacardiaceae

cashew nuts belong to the family of _______.

anthocyanins

cherries contain _________.

confections

citron is used in ________.

rutaceae

citrus fruits all belong to one single family called ______.

arecaceae

coconut belongs to the family of _______.

biblical

dates are important fruits in ________ times.

Persian Gulf

dates are native to the ______ _____.

tannins tree of life

dates are rich in _____; nicknamed the _____ ___ ____.

stone fruits pit

drupes are commonly referred as _____ ____, due to having a ____.

bombacaceae

durian belongs to the family of ___________.

Malaysian delight

durian is also called ______ _____.

bearing

fera = ________.

Mediterranean

figs are native to __________ region.

moraceae

figs, jackfruit, breadfruit and mulberry belong to the family of _______.

full beard

filbert = ______ _____.

tomato

first fruits to undergo genetic engineering - _______.

legume follicle capsule silique

four types of dehiscent fruits: 1. ______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______

fragrant

fragaria = ________.

papaya

fruit of the angels = _______.

berry drupe pome pepo hesperidium

fruits that are derived from a single flower with one ovary, resulting in one fruit: 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. ________

pasteurization

grape juice is obtained by _________.

perennial Mediterranean

grapes are ______ vines native to the __________ region.

texture flavor

grapes are chosen based on _____ and _____.

vitaceae

grapes belong to the family of ______.

oleuropein

green olives are bitter due to a compound called _________.

scleroids

gritty texture of pear fruit is due in part to ______.

myrtaceae

guava belongs to the family of _______.

Vitamin C superfruit

guava contains more _______ __ than many citrus fruits and is considered a _________.

Central America

guava is native to _______ _______.

filberts cob nuts

hazelnuts are also known as _____ and ____ ____.

corylaceae

hazelnuts belong to the family of _______.

superior

hesperidium - develops from _______ ovary.

cucurbitaceae

honeydew belongs to the family of _________.

brinjal

in Africa and India, the eggplant is called _____.

oranges

in China, _______ represent happiness.

fertility abundance

in East Asia, pomegranate is a symbol of _______ and ______.

apples

in Greek mythology, ______ were the symbol of immortality, knowledge, and temptation.

fertility prosperity

in India, bananas are a symbol of _____ and _____.

apricots

in Persia, ____ were nicknamed "seeds of the sun."

Bunker Hill

in US, apples were first planted on ______ _______.

leathery spongy thin

in hesperidium - the exocarp is _____; the mesocarp _____; and the endocarp ____, with juice-filled hairs.

mesocarp

in olives the oil is extracted from the ______.

Crown of Thorns

in passionfruit - the corona resembles _______ ___ _____.

wounds

in passionfruit - the five anthers represent five ______.

faithful disciples

in passionfruit - the ten perianth segments resemble the ten _____ _______.

whips

in passionfruit - the tendrils on the plant resemble the _____.

nails

in passionfruit - the three stigmas represent the three _____.

thick rind fleshy numerous

in pepos - the exocarp is ______ and forms a hard ____; the mesocarp and endocarp are _____ and the seeds are _____.

aril seeds

in pomegranate - _____ and ______(for the sweet-sour) taste.

receptacle accessory

in pomes - the _______ that surrounds the ovary becomes part of the fruit, making it an ______ fruit.

thin fleshy thin

in pomes - the exocarp is _____; the mesocarp is _____;the endocarp is _____ and seeds are _____.

California

in the US, ______ produces almost all of the raisins.

acidic sugar

in watermelons - pulp is _____ and water contains _____.

India

jackfruit is native to ______.

durian

king of the fruits = _______.

China

kiwis are native to _____.

actinidiaceae

kiwis belong to the family of __________.

actinidin

kiwis contain _______.

Chinese gooseberry

kiwis were introduced to New Zealand as _____ ________.

flightless bird

kiwis were named after the ______ _____.

flavoring

lemons are used for ______.

China aril

litchis are native to _____ and has a fleshy ____.

Hawaii

macadamia are porduced primarily in ________.

proteaceae

macadamia belongs to the family of _______.

bad

malus means _____.

yellow

mango pulp is ______.

medicine

mango seed is bitter and used in ________.

India

mangoes are native to _______.

anacardiaceae

mangoes belong to the family of ________.

superior

most aggregate fruits develop from ______ ovaries.

Alexander the Great

most american apricots came from Persia through ______ ____ _____.

mucilage

okra - ______ is used in soups, stews and gumbos.

gumbo

okra - ______: named by French immigrants based on African name.

malvaceae

okra belongs to the family of ______.

lady's finger

okra is also called _____ _____.

hibiscus

okra is related to _______.

vendi bhindi

okra was used under different names for cooking: ______ and _____.

Mediterranean

olives are native to the ________ region.

oleaceae

olives belong to the family of oleaceae.

caricaceae

papaya belongs to the family of _______.

pepo

papaya is a type of ____ fruit.

superior

papaya is developed from the ______ ovary.

Central America

papaya is native to ______ _____.

passifloraceae

passionfruit belongs to the family of _________.

Brazil

passionfruit is a native to ______.

accessory

pepo fruits are examples of ______ fruits.

hospitality

pineapple is a symbol of ______ to American Indians.

multiple accessory

pineapple is considered an ______ fruit and an ________ fruit.

poultice

pineapple was used for ______ (old fashioned bandage).

bromeliaceae

pineapples belong to the family of _______.

anacardiaceae

pistachio belongs to the family of _______.

semi-inferior

pome develops from a __________ ovary.

punicaceae

pomegranate belongs to the family of _________.

hard brittle

pomegranate has a ____ _____ pericarp.

tannin superfruit

pomegranate is a good source of ______ and is considered a ___________.

Persephone winter

pomegranate is associated with Greek mythology: _________ and ________.

seeded apple

pomegranate is nicknamed the ______ _______.

sapindaceae

rambutan belongs to the family of _______.

Malaysia aril

rambutan is native to ________ and has a fleshy _____.

aggregate

sops are ________ fruits.

America

sops are native to _______.

annonaceae

sops belong to the family of _______.

three sisters

squash is one of the _____ ______.

flesh seeds sulfur

squashes provide edible _____ and _____ that contain _______-containing amino acids.

calcium oxalate

star fruit are star shaped with ____ ______ crystals.

oxalidaceae

star fruit belong to the family of _______.

Indonesia

star fruit is native to ______.

testicle tree

the Aztecs called the avocado the _____ ____.

Christ's thorn

the Spanish nicknamed the passionfruit ______ ______.

superior/inferior

the berry develops from _____________ ovary.

numerous

the berry has _____ seed(s).

fused fleshy

the berry has a mesocarp and endocarp that are ____ and _____.

thin

the berry has an exocarp that is _____.

oily accessory

the cashew seed coat is _____; cashew apple is an _______ fruit.

superior inferior

the drupe develops from a _____ or rarely ______ ovary.

thin fleshy fibrous stony

the drupe has an exocarp that is relatively ____; the mesocarp is either _____ or _____; the endocarp is _____.

India

the eggplant is native to ______.

cucurbitaceae

the family that contains squashes and melons is called _________.

goodness sacred

the mango is a symbol of _____, considered ______ in India.

hybridization polyploidy parthenocarpy

the modern edible banana is the result of _______, ________ and ________.

Crucifixion

the passionfruit is a symbol of the ________.

maloideae amygdaloideae rosoideae spiraeoideae

the rose family is subdivided into four subfamilies: 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________

soups sauces vegetables

the squash flowers are used in _____ and _____, and leaves as _______.

lycopene

tomatoes contain _______.

dehiscent indehiscent

two kinds of dry fruits: 1. _______ 2. ________

papain

unripe papaya fruits yield a latex which contains an enzyme ______ - basis of meat tenderizers.

30

up to __% of the pulp in avocado is oil.

drupaceous nuts

walnuts and pecans are considered ________ ____.

junglandaceae

walnuts and pecans belong to the family of _________.

MUFAs

walnuts and pecans contain _____.

allelopathy

walnuts exhibit _______.

cucurbitaceae

watermelon belongs to the family of __________.

Africa California

watermelon is native from _____ and is widely grown in _________.

aroma

what indicates ripeness in a jackfruit? ______.

aril

what is the edible part of the passionfruit?

pollination

wild figs go through an elaborate ________ mechanism.

loganberry

Californian blackberry x European raspberry = ________.

sykon

Greeks "sykonium" = ______.

nectar of the gods

Hippocrates referred to olive as _____ ___ ___ _____.

follicle

_____ - fruit splits along one suture.

aggregate

______ fruit - conglomeration of several individuals made of berries, drupes, or achenes that make up one single fruit.

inferior

a pepo develops from an _______ ovary.

arecaceae

date belong to the family of _______.

Brazil

pineapples are native to _____.

Middle East

pomegranate is native to the ____ ____.

achene grain nut samara schizocarp

there are 5 types of indehiscent fruits: 1. _____ 2. ______ 3. ____ 4. _______ 5. ________

sweet sour

there are two cherry types: 1. _____ 2. _____

fleshy dry

there are two major categories of fruits based on the pericarp: 1. ______ fruits 2. ____ fruits

solanaceae

tomato belongs to the family of _______.

IS station

tomato is grown in the ___ _______.

wolf peach

tomato was nicknamed ____ _____.

selenium

Brazil nut seeds are a good source of ______.

monkey pods

Brazil nuts are also called _____ ____.

nut

___ - a single-seeded fruit with the entire pericarp forming a hard, stony, loose layer surrounding the seed.

lycopene

____ - beneficial for the prevention of prostate cancer and heart disease.

fruit

____ - is technically a mature ovary.

J.D. Dole

____ _____ - encouraged pineapple plantation in Hawaii.

dry

____ fruits - the entire pericarp is dry at the time of maturity.

China

____ is the leading producer of watermelons.

ovules

_____ - become the seeds

prune

_____ - is a dried plum.

achene

_____ - single-seeded fruit with a dry, loose pericarp.

grain

_____ - single-seeded fruit with the pericarp firmly fused with the seed coat.

capsule

_____ - split open in more than two sutures and is the most abundant dehiscent fruit.

legume

_____ - split open in two sutures, dorsal and ventral.

silique

_____ - split open into two sutures; the seeds attach in a partition called replum.

aril

_____ - the edible part of durian