Chapter 4: Fruits
leaf fibers
_____ _____ of pineapple are used for clothing.
raisins sulfur dioxide
_____ are grapes carefully dried with ______ ______ added as a preservative.
kiwis
_____ are nicknamed "fruit of the eighties."
fleshy
_____ fruits - the entire pericarp or any one or more of the three layers remain fleshy.
granatum
_____ in french means grenade.
pluot
_____ is a cross between plum and apricot.
fruit
_____ occurs only in angiosperms.
lassi
______ - a beverage made from a mix of ripe mangoes, yogurt and sugar.
samara
______ - a modified achene, with the pericarp developing into a wing-like structure that aids in dispersal.
amchur
______ - dry mango powder.
jackfruit
______ - large seeds are cooked as a vegetable.
maloideae
______ - rose subfamily that includes pome fruits.
endocarp
______ - the inner layer just outside of the seed.
mesocarp
______ - the middle layer.
pericarp
______ - the ovary becomes the fruit wall.
exocarp
______ - the skin of the fruit.
olives
______ - used as a fruit and source of oil in Italy.
Robert Johnson
______ ______ -ate tomato to prove it was not poisonous.
Johnny Appleseed
______ ________ - helped spread the apple trees through seedlings raised from the seeds.
Iraq and Saudi Arabia
______ and _____ ______ are the leaders in date cultivation.
strawberries
______ are individual achenes on accessory receptacle tissue.
quinces
______ are often mistaken for pears except for their sweeter, aromatic flesh.
accessory
______ fruits develop from the ovary plus additional parts of the flower, such as the receptacle, petals and sepals.
concord
______ grapes are used in juices, jams, and wines.
actinidin
______ is a protein degrading enzyme.
zucchini
______ is an immature summer squash.
tomato
______ is nicknamed the "apple of Peru" and "love apple."
mesocarp
______ is the fleshy, edible part of the plum.
Brazil
______ is the leading grower of of bananas in South America.
Turkey
______ is the world's leading producer of apricots.
Columbus
______ noted pineapple during his second voyage.
bromelain
______ protein degrading enzyme (found in pineapple).
schizocarp
_______ - composed of two units, each with its own single seed called a mericarp, which separate easily from each other in the middle.
amygdalin
_______ - gives almond flavor.
coconut
_______ - largest known seed.
rosoideae
_______ - rose subfamily that includes aggregate fruits.
spiraeoideae
_______ - rose subfamily that includes fruits that are dry and inedible.
amygdaloideae
_______ - rose subfamily that includes stone fruits.
rosaceae
_______ - the rose family
squashes
_______ are associated with the early history of mankind.
multiple
_______ fruit - a single fruit but formed as a result of the union of the mature ovaries, the surrounding flower pats, the receptacle, and the central axis of inflorescence.
jackfruit
_______ fruit is a combination of fertilized and other absorptive flower parts.
dehiscent
_______ fruits - the pericarp will split open to release the seeds for dispersal.
California
_______ is the avocado capital.
banana
_______ is the most popular tropical fruit.
coconut
_______ yields oil, fiber, food, building materials and drinks.
syconium
________ - a special inflorescence that has a flask-shaped hollow receptacle with a small opening at the top.
jackfruit
________ - fruits are large and round or oval.
jackfruit
________ - multiple fruit, skin leathery.
maraschino
________ cherry is put on tope of shakes.
cranberry
________ plants are creeping shrubs that are grown in boggy, periodically flooded areas.
blueberry
________ plants thrive best in acid soil.
anthocyanins
________ reduce inflammation.
watermelon
________ seeds (in China) - dyed red to friends and family during New Year celebrations as a symbol of truth, joy, happiness, and sincerity.
breadfruit
_________ - fruits are elongate, cooked as a vegetable.
chymopapain
_________ - used as a medicine and for making chewing gum and cosmetics.
parthenocarpic
_________ fruit develops from an unfertilized but mature ovary.
blueberries
a better brain with _______.
laxative
a prune is used as a natural ______.
rosaceae
almonds belong to the family of rosaceae.
rosaceae
apple belongs to the ______ family.
quercetin pectin tannin
apple contains _______, _____, and ______.
pome
apple is a _____ fruit.
temperate
apple trees are domesticated in ________ regions.
Asia
apples are native to _____.
semi-inferior
apples develop from _________ ovaries.
Hunza
apricots are an important part of the diet in ______ in the Himalayas.
Spaniards
apricots were introduced to the New World by ________.
19 1
avg US apple consumer: 1. ___ pounds a year 2. ___ apple a week
lauraceae
avocado belongs to the family of ________.
alligator pear
avocado is also called the _____ _____.
herbs
banana 'trees' are giant _____.
banana republics
banana has remained one of the most important cash crops in Latin American countries, which had led to being referred as ______ ________.
pseudoberry
banana is considered a ________.
rhizomes
banana trees can be propagated from underground ________.
monocot
bananas are ______ inflorescences.
Asia Australia
bananas are native to eastern ____ and _______.
musaceae
bananas belong to the family of _______.
abaca
bananas contain _____ fibers.
inferior
bananas develop from the _____ ovary.
preservatives
bitter oranges are used for _______.
sodium hydroxide
black and green olives - by treating with ______ ______.
brambles
blackberries and raspberries are commonly referred to as _______.
North America
blueberries and cranberries are native to _____ _________.
ericaceae
blueberries and cranberries belong to the family of ________.
inferior
blueberries and cranberries develop from ______ ovaries.
antioxidant superfruit
blueberries are an ________ powerhouse and also considered a ______.
lecythidaceae
brazil nuts belong to the family of _________.
Polynesia
breadfruit is native to ______.
cucurbitaceae
cantaloupe belongs to the family of ________.
polyphenol
cantaloupe contains ________ antioxidants.
India Africa
cantaloupe is native to _____ and ______.
New World
capsicum peppers are native to the _____ ______.
anacardiaceae
cashew nuts belong to the family of _______.
anthocyanins
cherries contain _________.
confections
citron is used in ________.
rutaceae
citrus fruits all belong to one single family called ______.
arecaceae
coconut belongs to the family of _______.
biblical
dates are important fruits in ________ times.
Persian Gulf
dates are native to the ______ _____.
tannins tree of life
dates are rich in _____; nicknamed the _____ ___ ____.
stone fruits pit
drupes are commonly referred as _____ ____, due to having a ____.
bombacaceae
durian belongs to the family of ___________.
Malaysian delight
durian is also called ______ _____.
bearing
fera = ________.
Mediterranean
figs are native to __________ region.
moraceae
figs, jackfruit, breadfruit and mulberry belong to the family of _______.
full beard
filbert = ______ _____.
tomato
first fruits to undergo genetic engineering - _______.
legume follicle capsule silique
four types of dehiscent fruits: 1. ______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______
fragrant
fragaria = ________.
papaya
fruit of the angels = _______.
berry drupe pome pepo hesperidium
fruits that are derived from a single flower with one ovary, resulting in one fruit: 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. ________
pasteurization
grape juice is obtained by _________.
perennial Mediterranean
grapes are ______ vines native to the __________ region.
texture flavor
grapes are chosen based on _____ and _____.
vitaceae
grapes belong to the family of ______.
oleuropein
green olives are bitter due to a compound called _________.
scleroids
gritty texture of pear fruit is due in part to ______.
myrtaceae
guava belongs to the family of _______.
Vitamin C superfruit
guava contains more _______ __ than many citrus fruits and is considered a _________.
Central America
guava is native to _______ _______.
filberts cob nuts
hazelnuts are also known as _____ and ____ ____.
corylaceae
hazelnuts belong to the family of _______.
superior
hesperidium - develops from _______ ovary.
cucurbitaceae
honeydew belongs to the family of _________.
brinjal
in Africa and India, the eggplant is called _____.
oranges
in China, _______ represent happiness.
fertility abundance
in East Asia, pomegranate is a symbol of _______ and ______.
apples
in Greek mythology, ______ were the symbol of immortality, knowledge, and temptation.
fertility prosperity
in India, bananas are a symbol of _____ and _____.
apricots
in Persia, ____ were nicknamed "seeds of the sun."
Bunker Hill
in US, apples were first planted on ______ _______.
leathery spongy thin
in hesperidium - the exocarp is _____; the mesocarp _____; and the endocarp ____, with juice-filled hairs.
mesocarp
in olives the oil is extracted from the ______.
Crown of Thorns
in passionfruit - the corona resembles _______ ___ _____.
wounds
in passionfruit - the five anthers represent five ______.
faithful disciples
in passionfruit - the ten perianth segments resemble the ten _____ _______.
whips
in passionfruit - the tendrils on the plant resemble the _____.
nails
in passionfruit - the three stigmas represent the three _____.
thick rind fleshy numerous
in pepos - the exocarp is ______ and forms a hard ____; the mesocarp and endocarp are _____ and the seeds are _____.
aril seeds
in pomegranate - _____ and ______(for the sweet-sour) taste.
receptacle accessory
in pomes - the _______ that surrounds the ovary becomes part of the fruit, making it an ______ fruit.
thin fleshy thin
in pomes - the exocarp is _____; the mesocarp is _____;the endocarp is _____ and seeds are _____.
California
in the US, ______ produces almost all of the raisins.
acidic sugar
in watermelons - pulp is _____ and water contains _____.
India
jackfruit is native to ______.
durian
king of the fruits = _______.
China
kiwis are native to _____.
actinidiaceae
kiwis belong to the family of __________.
actinidin
kiwis contain _______.
Chinese gooseberry
kiwis were introduced to New Zealand as _____ ________.
flightless bird
kiwis were named after the ______ _____.
flavoring
lemons are used for ______.
China aril
litchis are native to _____ and has a fleshy ____.
Hawaii
macadamia are porduced primarily in ________.
proteaceae
macadamia belongs to the family of _______.
bad
malus means _____.
yellow
mango pulp is ______.
medicine
mango seed is bitter and used in ________.
India
mangoes are native to _______.
anacardiaceae
mangoes belong to the family of ________.
superior
most aggregate fruits develop from ______ ovaries.
Alexander the Great
most american apricots came from Persia through ______ ____ _____.
mucilage
okra - ______ is used in soups, stews and gumbos.
gumbo
okra - ______: named by French immigrants based on African name.
malvaceae
okra belongs to the family of ______.
lady's finger
okra is also called _____ _____.
hibiscus
okra is related to _______.
vendi bhindi
okra was used under different names for cooking: ______ and _____.
Mediterranean
olives are native to the ________ region.
oleaceae
olives belong to the family of oleaceae.
caricaceae
papaya belongs to the family of _______.
pepo
papaya is a type of ____ fruit.
superior
papaya is developed from the ______ ovary.
Central America
papaya is native to ______ _____.
passifloraceae
passionfruit belongs to the family of _________.
Brazil
passionfruit is a native to ______.
accessory
pepo fruits are examples of ______ fruits.
hospitality
pineapple is a symbol of ______ to American Indians.
multiple accessory
pineapple is considered an ______ fruit and an ________ fruit.
poultice
pineapple was used for ______ (old fashioned bandage).
bromeliaceae
pineapples belong to the family of _______.
anacardiaceae
pistachio belongs to the family of _______.
semi-inferior
pome develops from a __________ ovary.
punicaceae
pomegranate belongs to the family of _________.
hard brittle
pomegranate has a ____ _____ pericarp.
tannin superfruit
pomegranate is a good source of ______ and is considered a ___________.
Persephone winter
pomegranate is associated with Greek mythology: _________ and ________.
seeded apple
pomegranate is nicknamed the ______ _______.
sapindaceae
rambutan belongs to the family of _______.
Malaysia aril
rambutan is native to ________ and has a fleshy _____.
aggregate
sops are ________ fruits.
America
sops are native to _______.
annonaceae
sops belong to the family of _______.
three sisters
squash is one of the _____ ______.
flesh seeds sulfur
squashes provide edible _____ and _____ that contain _______-containing amino acids.
calcium oxalate
star fruit are star shaped with ____ ______ crystals.
oxalidaceae
star fruit belong to the family of _______.
Indonesia
star fruit is native to ______.
testicle tree
the Aztecs called the avocado the _____ ____.
Christ's thorn
the Spanish nicknamed the passionfruit ______ ______.
superior/inferior
the berry develops from _____________ ovary.
numerous
the berry has _____ seed(s).
fused fleshy
the berry has a mesocarp and endocarp that are ____ and _____.
thin
the berry has an exocarp that is _____.
oily accessory
the cashew seed coat is _____; cashew apple is an _______ fruit.
superior inferior
the drupe develops from a _____ or rarely ______ ovary.
thin fleshy fibrous stony
the drupe has an exocarp that is relatively ____; the mesocarp is either _____ or _____; the endocarp is _____.
India
the eggplant is native to ______.
cucurbitaceae
the family that contains squashes and melons is called _________.
goodness sacred
the mango is a symbol of _____, considered ______ in India.
hybridization polyploidy parthenocarpy
the modern edible banana is the result of _______, ________ and ________.
Crucifixion
the passionfruit is a symbol of the ________.
maloideae amygdaloideae rosoideae spiraeoideae
the rose family is subdivided into four subfamilies: 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________
soups sauces vegetables
the squash flowers are used in _____ and _____, and leaves as _______.
lycopene
tomatoes contain _______.
dehiscent indehiscent
two kinds of dry fruits: 1. _______ 2. ________
papain
unripe papaya fruits yield a latex which contains an enzyme ______ - basis of meat tenderizers.
30
up to __% of the pulp in avocado is oil.
drupaceous nuts
walnuts and pecans are considered ________ ____.
junglandaceae
walnuts and pecans belong to the family of _________.
MUFAs
walnuts and pecans contain _____.
allelopathy
walnuts exhibit _______.
cucurbitaceae
watermelon belongs to the family of __________.
Africa California
watermelon is native from _____ and is widely grown in _________.
aroma
what indicates ripeness in a jackfruit? ______.
aril
what is the edible part of the passionfruit?
pollination
wild figs go through an elaborate ________ mechanism.
loganberry
Californian blackberry x European raspberry = ________.
sykon
Greeks "sykonium" = ______.
nectar of the gods
Hippocrates referred to olive as _____ ___ ___ _____.
follicle
_____ - fruit splits along one suture.
aggregate
______ fruit - conglomeration of several individuals made of berries, drupes, or achenes that make up one single fruit.
inferior
a pepo develops from an _______ ovary.
arecaceae
date belong to the family of _______.
Brazil
pineapples are native to _____.
Middle East
pomegranate is native to the ____ ____.
achene grain nut samara schizocarp
there are 5 types of indehiscent fruits: 1. _____ 2. ______ 3. ____ 4. _______ 5. ________
sweet sour
there are two cherry types: 1. _____ 2. _____
fleshy dry
there are two major categories of fruits based on the pericarp: 1. ______ fruits 2. ____ fruits
solanaceae
tomato belongs to the family of _______.
IS station
tomato is grown in the ___ _______.
wolf peach
tomato was nicknamed ____ _____.
selenium
Brazil nut seeds are a good source of ______.
monkey pods
Brazil nuts are also called _____ ____.
nut
___ - a single-seeded fruit with the entire pericarp forming a hard, stony, loose layer surrounding the seed.
lycopene
____ - beneficial for the prevention of prostate cancer and heart disease.
fruit
____ - is technically a mature ovary.
J.D. Dole
____ _____ - encouraged pineapple plantation in Hawaii.
dry
____ fruits - the entire pericarp is dry at the time of maturity.
China
____ is the leading producer of watermelons.
ovules
_____ - become the seeds
prune
_____ - is a dried plum.
achene
_____ - single-seeded fruit with a dry, loose pericarp.
grain
_____ - single-seeded fruit with the pericarp firmly fused with the seed coat.
capsule
_____ - split open in more than two sutures and is the most abundant dehiscent fruit.
legume
_____ - split open in two sutures, dorsal and ventral.
silique
_____ - split open into two sutures; the seeds attach in a partition called replum.
aril
_____ - the edible part of durian
