Chapter 4 Upper Limb
How many phalanges are on each hand?
14
What is the total amount of bones in the hand and wrist?
27
How many phalanges do digit 1 consist of? What are they?
2; proximal and distal
How many phalanges do digits 2-5 consist of? What are they?
3; proximal, middle and distal
How many bones are in the metacarpals?
5
How many bones are in the carpals?
8
What carpal bone is the largest?
Capitate
What is another name for finger or thumb?
Digit
What are the three parts each phalanx consist of?
Distal rounded head, body or shaft and expanded base
What are the three parts of a metacarpal?
Distal rounded head, body or shaft which is the long curved portion and the expanded proximal end known as the base
What type of joints are MCP (Metacarpophalangeal)?
Ellipsoidal or condylar- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
What type of joints are IP (interphalangeal)?
Ginglymus or hinge- flexion and extension only
What type of joint is the elbow?
Ginglymus/Hinge
Proximal interphangeal PIP Joint
Joint between middle and proximal phalanges in digits 2-5
Carpometacarpal CMC Joint
Joint between proximal end of the metacarpal and the carpal
Metacarpophlangeal MCP Joint
Joint between proximal phalangeal and metacarpal in digits 2-5 Distal end of metacarpal connected to the proxmial phalangeal
Distal interphalangeal DIP Joint
Joint between the distal and middle phalanges in digits 2-5
First metacarpophalangeal MCP joint
Joint between the first metacarpal and promxial phalanx of the thumb
Lunate
Moon shaped, second carpal bone in proximal row, articulates with the radius.
What type of joint are 2-5 CMC (carpometacarpals) joints?
Plane or Gliding - least amount of movement. movement limited.
Triguetrum
Pyramidal shaped, third carpal bone in proximal row
What is the name of the wrist joint? What type of joint is the wrist?
Radiocarpal joint; Ellipsoidal or condylar
What is the largest carpal bone on the proximal row?
Scaphoid
What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
Which two carpal bones articulates directly with the radius?
Scaphoid and lunate
Which carpal bones consist of the proximal row (In row from the lateral side)?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform
Steve left the party to take carol home
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.
What type of joint is the CMC (carpometacarpal) of the thumb?
Sellar or Saddle - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumdution, opposition and rotation
What are the carpal bones in the distal row (In row starting from the lateral side)?
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
The canal or tunnel view best demonstrates which carpal bones?
Trapezium, trapezoid, hamate, and pisiform.
Proximal radioulnar Joint
Trochoid/Pivot joint between
Special Scaphoid Projection
Ulnar deviation projection
Radial Collateral Ligament
attached to styloid process of the radius and the trapezium
Ulnar Collateral ligament
attached to the styloid process of the ulna and the triquetrum and pisiform.
Scaphoid
boat shaped carpal bone that articulates with he radius proximal
The third metacarpal (MC) connects to which bone?
capitate
What are the additional ligaments in the wrist that are commonly imaged by MRI instead of xray?
dorsal radiocarpal, palmar radiocarpal, triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligament
What must be included in a radiograph of the thumb?
first metacarpal must include distal phalanx to the base of the first metacarpal. this is not the case in digits 2-5. they include only the three phalanges (proximal, middle and distal)
Trapezium
four-sided, irregularly shaped bone, medial and distal to the scaphoid and proximal to the first metacarpal.
The fourth and fifth metacarpal (MC) connects to which bone?
hamate
Hamate
identified by hooklike process called the hamulus last carpal in the distal row
Interphalangeal IP joint
joint between the two phalanges of the thumb
Capitate
largest of the capral bones, rounded head, fits proximally into the concavity of scaphoid and lunate bones
Radial Deviation
less frequent PA wrist; opens up ulnar; hamate, pisiform, triquetrum and lunate
Ulnar Deviation
opens up radius; Best demonstrates scaphoid, trapezium, trapzoid
Articular Disk
part of the wrist joint; including the distal radioulnar joint
Pisiform
pea-shaped, fourth bone in proximal row, located anterior to the triquetrum
What is a singular term for phalanges?
phalanx
What is the smallest carpal bone in the proximal row?
pisiform
What type of joints are between the intercarpal joints?
plant or gliding- limited movement
The first metacarpal (MC) connects to which bone?
trapezium
The second metacarpal (MC) connects to which bone?
trapezoid
Which carpal bone is the smallest on the distal row?
trapezoid
Trapezoid
wedge-shaped. four-sided smallest bone in distal row