Chapter 5 & 6 Homework

Sterol manufactured in the body

cholesterol

Lipid that is liquid at room temperature

oil

The methyl end of the fatty acid chain is called the _______ end.

omega

The _______ system for naming fatty acids indicates where the first ________ ________ closes to the _________ end of the chain occurs.

omega; double bond; methyl

Major lipid class that contains phosphorus, fatty acids, and glycerol

phospholipid

Comprised of glycerol and fatty acids only

triglyceride

Lipoprotein made in the GI tract from digested fat

chylomicron

The energy value of dietary carbohydrate is _______ kcal/g.

4

Amylose and amylopectin contain ___________ bonds, which are responsible for the digestibility of these starches. A. alpha B. beta C. alpha and beta D. gamma

A

Primary lactose maldigestion results from ________. A. lactase insufficiency B. drinking lactose-fortified milks C. bacteria inhabiting the small intestine D. living in such locations as Mexico, China, Africa, or the Mediterranean

A

The liver is important in carbohydrate digestion as it processes the monosaccharides galactose and fructose into glucose. What happens to this glucose once it is done being processed in the liver? Check all that apply. A. If glucose is present in excess, some can be turned into fat. B. If glucose is present in excess, some can be stored as glycogen. C. If glucose is present in excess, the liver makes it back into disaccharides. D. The liver can release the glucose directly into the bloodstream for transport to organs. E. If glucose is present in excess, the liver converts it to urea and excretes it.

A, B, D

A person diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products containing ________. A. saccharin B. aspartame C. lactose D. sucrose

B

An example of an oligosaccharide is ________. A. maltose B. raffinose C. galactose D. glycogen

B

Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________. A. sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to body protein synthesis B. dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy C. sugars and starches are converted to fat, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar D. sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies

B

Fats that are liquid at room temperature can be made more solid by the process of ________. A. saponification B. hydrogenation C. emulsification D. calcification

B

Which apolipoprotein is responsible for activating lipoprotein lipase? A. Apo B-48 B. Apo C-II C. Apo C D. Apo B-100

B

Arachidonic acid is associated with ________. A. glucose metabolism B. omega-3 fatty acid metabolism C. omega-6 fatty acid metabolism D. cholesterol metabolism

C

Ergosterol is a type of sterol found in ________. A. eggs B. meat C. plants D. none of the above

C

Lipoprotein lipase functions to ________. A. absorb fatty acids and glycerol into the lymph B. reassemble chylomicrons into lipoproteins C. break down triglycerides from lipoproteins for transfer into cells D. break down diglycerides into cholesterol for transfer into cells

C

Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____________ of energy. A. 10-15% B. 20-35% C. 45-65% D. 70-75%

C

Regina's pregnant sister is interested in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic (omega-3) acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA + DHA? A. walnuts B. flaxseed C. fatty fish D. mussels

C

Which is correct regarding trans fatty acids? A. They raise HDL and LDL cholesterol. B. They lower LDL cholesterol. C. They raise blood cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol. D. They raise blood glucose.

C

Lipoprotein that delivers cholesterol back to the liver and to other lipoproteins

HDL

Lipoprotein with the greatest cholesterol content

LDL

Glucose + Galactose =

Lactose

_________ ______ has 18 carbons in its carbon chain and 2 double bonds, and the first double bond starts at the 6th carbon from the ________ end; thus it is named __________.

Linoleic acid; omega; 18:2n6

Glucose + Glucose =

Maltose

Glucose + Fructose =

Sucrose

Lipoprotein that transports fat made in the liver

VLDL

The ________ system describes fatty acids in relation to the ___________ end of the carbon chain and indicates the location of ______ double bonds

delta; carboxyl, all

Lipid that is solid at room temperature

fat