Chapter 5 - Anthropometry

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Confidence interval: 90% mu =

+/- 1.65 SD

Confidence interval: 95% mu =

+/- 1.95 SD

Body size reaches its maximum between _____ - _____ years before gradually declining

25-30

standing upright erect is what difference from standing upright naturally

2cm

Design for average user _____ percentile

50th

Design principle #3, design for average users, states to sue which percentile for relevant dimensions of primary user group

50th

Extremes have been addressed by designing for what percentile male and what percentile female

5th percentile female, 95 percentile male

Anthropometry goal is to design to accommodate _____ - ____ percent of primary users

90 - 95%

Applying Confidence intervals, want to fit ___% within ___ standard deviations, and ___% within 3 standard deviations

95% , 2 , 99%

segment lengths segment mass, volume, weight, density segment center of mass range of motion strength capabilities Are examples of:

Anthropometric Data

"The measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities"

Anthropometry

The science of ___________deals with the size, mass, shape, and inertial properties.

Anthropometry

North Carolina State University center that listed design principles / guidelines

Center for Universal Design

YZ plane

Coronal plane

Frontal Plane

Coronal: anterior & posterior

Anthropometric Design principles should be applied in design for a large ______ ________ __ _________________ to promote physical comfort

Cross section of population

applications include controls of equipments/ machines, reach envelope. Operational measurements

Dynamic Anthropometry

Gender Factors on ROM

Female exceeds male at all joints except for the knee

Anthropometry can demonstrate the ______ of a society / sample of people, and can also be used for __________ _________

Health, Product Optimization

________ is a straight line point to point VERTICAL measurement, while ______ is a straight line point to point HORIZONTAL measurement.

Height, Breadth

Race, Age, Gender, Occupation, Time Period, Clothing affect this

Human Body Size

Saggital - extension

Increase in angle between two body segments

what is the tallest measurement position?

Lying supine (face up)

Lateral Planar

Medial - midline divides body into left/right halves

At what time of day can tallest supine measurements collected

Morning

Subjects from same population should show this type of distribution when compared in data set

Normal

Design rule - Use data of the...

Primary user Group

XZ plane

Saggital

Parallel to median plane

Saggital plane

Name 3 anthropometric tools

Scanners, Photometric equipment, hand tools

Body Build effect on ROM

Slender build has wider ROM than obese

Measurement position - slumping effect:

Standing upright naturally

Structural anthropology is known as what division

Static

Which anthropometry Division is used for bodies not in motion

Static

Applications include seats design, furniture design, equipment design, etc

Static body anthropometry

Name all the anatomical directions & positions

Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal

XY plane

Transverse

circumference

a closed measurement that follows a body contour

General guideline #1 states to design for ____ ranges

adjustable

Why is lying supine the tallest measurement?

all muscles are stretched naturally

In taking seated measurements, knees should be bent ____ and feet should be

at 90 degrees, flat on the ground

Factors that affect muscle strength:

biology (age, gender, race...), environment (altitude/acceleration), psychological, occupational

What does anthropometry use to quantify human body?

body size, range of movement, muscle strength

___________is a straight line, point-to-point horizontal measurement running across the body or a segment.

breadth

lower body in transverse planes

caudal, inferior

hand tools - measuring tapes

circumference

hand tools - calipers are used to measure:

contoured surfaces

upper body in transverse planes

cranial... superior

Transverse

cross horizontal.. divides body into upper/lower halves

a point-to-point measurement following a contour

curvature

Saggital - flexion

decrease in angle between two body segments

Age factors on ROM

decreases slightly between 20 & 60

a straight line, point to point horizontal measurement running fore-aft the body

depth

Straight line measurement between landmarks on body

distance

______________ is a straight line, measurement between landmarks on the body.

distance

General guideline #2: design for extreme minimum examples include:

distance from controls,

Transverse - rotational

external / internal turning of vertical of a bone

In medial plane, lateral is to _____ as medial is to _____

far, close

In frontal plane, anterior is to _______ as posterior is to _______

front, back

Anthropometers, calipers and measuring tapes are examples of

hand tools / manual anthropometric tools

General guideline #2: design for extreme maximum examples include:

height of doors, size of buttons

height

is a straight line, point -to-point vertical measurement

Operating space of a limb is a factor of its:

length and angular rotation of its joint

Coronal - inversion

lifting medial border of foot

Saggital plane

like medial, but halves are unequal.

"Anthro" means _____ , metry means________.

man, meter

coronal - depression

move to inferior position of scapula

Coronal - abduction

movement away from midline of body

Coronal - Adduction

movement toward midline of body

coronal - elevation

moving to superior position of scapula

A point-to-point measurement following the long axis of the arm or leg is known as...

reach

Point to point measurement following the long axis of the arm or leg

reach

trasnverse - pronation

rotation of hands /forearms medially

transverse - supination

rotation of hands laterally from elbow

Height is a function of

segment length

Anthropometers (hand tool) are used for acquiring what type of measurements?

straight link measurements

Anth. design applications:

workplace, equipment, tool, product


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