Chapter 5 - Anthropometry
Confidence interval: 90% mu =
+/- 1.65 SD
Confidence interval: 95% mu =
+/- 1.95 SD
Body size reaches its maximum between _____ - _____ years before gradually declining
25-30
standing upright erect is what difference from standing upright naturally
2cm
Design for average user _____ percentile
50th
Design principle #3, design for average users, states to sue which percentile for relevant dimensions of primary user group
50th
Extremes have been addressed by designing for what percentile male and what percentile female
5th percentile female, 95 percentile male
Anthropometry goal is to design to accommodate _____ - ____ percent of primary users
90 - 95%
Applying Confidence intervals, want to fit ___% within ___ standard deviations, and ___% within 3 standard deviations
95% , 2 , 99%
segment lengths segment mass, volume, weight, density segment center of mass range of motion strength capabilities Are examples of:
Anthropometric Data
"The measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities"
Anthropometry
The science of ___________deals with the size, mass, shape, and inertial properties.
Anthropometry
North Carolina State University center that listed design principles / guidelines
Center for Universal Design
YZ plane
Coronal plane
Frontal Plane
Coronal: anterior & posterior
Anthropometric Design principles should be applied in design for a large ______ ________ __ _________________ to promote physical comfort
Cross section of population
applications include controls of equipments/ machines, reach envelope. Operational measurements
Dynamic Anthropometry
Gender Factors on ROM
Female exceeds male at all joints except for the knee
Anthropometry can demonstrate the ______ of a society / sample of people, and can also be used for __________ _________
Health, Product Optimization
________ is a straight line point to point VERTICAL measurement, while ______ is a straight line point to point HORIZONTAL measurement.
Height, Breadth
Race, Age, Gender, Occupation, Time Period, Clothing affect this
Human Body Size
Saggital - extension
Increase in angle between two body segments
what is the tallest measurement position?
Lying supine (face up)
Lateral Planar
Medial - midline divides body into left/right halves
At what time of day can tallest supine measurements collected
Morning
Subjects from same population should show this type of distribution when compared in data set
Normal
Design rule - Use data of the...
Primary user Group
XZ plane
Saggital
Parallel to median plane
Saggital plane
Name 3 anthropometric tools
Scanners, Photometric equipment, hand tools
Body Build effect on ROM
Slender build has wider ROM than obese
Measurement position - slumping effect:
Standing upright naturally
Structural anthropology is known as what division
Static
Which anthropometry Division is used for bodies not in motion
Static
Applications include seats design, furniture design, equipment design, etc
Static body anthropometry
Name all the anatomical directions & positions
Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal
XY plane
Transverse
circumference
a closed measurement that follows a body contour
General guideline #1 states to design for ____ ranges
adjustable
Why is lying supine the tallest measurement?
all muscles are stretched naturally
In taking seated measurements, knees should be bent ____ and feet should be
at 90 degrees, flat on the ground
Factors that affect muscle strength:
biology (age, gender, race...), environment (altitude/acceleration), psychological, occupational
What does anthropometry use to quantify human body?
body size, range of movement, muscle strength
___________is a straight line, point-to-point horizontal measurement running across the body or a segment.
breadth
lower body in transverse planes
caudal, inferior
hand tools - measuring tapes
circumference
hand tools - calipers are used to measure:
contoured surfaces
upper body in transverse planes
cranial... superior
Transverse
cross horizontal.. divides body into upper/lower halves
a point-to-point measurement following a contour
curvature
Saggital - flexion
decrease in angle between two body segments
Age factors on ROM
decreases slightly between 20 & 60
a straight line, point to point horizontal measurement running fore-aft the body
depth
Straight line measurement between landmarks on body
distance
______________ is a straight line, measurement between landmarks on the body.
distance
General guideline #2: design for extreme minimum examples include:
distance from controls,
Transverse - rotational
external / internal turning of vertical of a bone
In medial plane, lateral is to _____ as medial is to _____
far, close
In frontal plane, anterior is to _______ as posterior is to _______
front, back
Anthropometers, calipers and measuring tapes are examples of
hand tools / manual anthropometric tools
General guideline #2: design for extreme maximum examples include:
height of doors, size of buttons
height
is a straight line, point -to-point vertical measurement
Operating space of a limb is a factor of its:
length and angular rotation of its joint
Coronal - inversion
lifting medial border of foot
Saggital plane
like medial, but halves are unequal.
"Anthro" means _____ , metry means________.
man, meter
coronal - depression
move to inferior position of scapula
Coronal - abduction
movement away from midline of body
Coronal - Adduction
movement toward midline of body
coronal - elevation
moving to superior position of scapula
A point-to-point measurement following the long axis of the arm or leg is known as...
reach
Point to point measurement following the long axis of the arm or leg
reach
trasnverse - pronation
rotation of hands /forearms medially
transverse - supination
rotation of hands laterally from elbow
Height is a function of
segment length
Anthropometers (hand tool) are used for acquiring what type of measurements?
straight link measurements
Anth. design applications:
workplace, equipment, tool, product
