Chapter 5 -Integumentary A&P

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

Intact skin provides protection because

it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.

functions of integumentary system

protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin d production, excretion

The nail is composed of cells of the __________.

stratum corneum

The dermis layer is made up of two layers, which are the:

superficial papillary layer, deep reticular layer

integumentary system

consists of skin, hair, nails, and glands

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?

dermatitis

A burn classified as partial thickness could be __________.

first or second degree

A slight sunburn is an example of a __________ burn.

first-degree

Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous?

freckles

Which type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?

full-thickness

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of __________.

hair

An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the __________.

hair bulb

Damage to which portion of a hair follicle will most affect hair growth?

hair bulb

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the __________.

hair shaft

malignant

harmful

benign

harmless

Which of the following is NOT a type of burn?

Primary burn

Vitamin D synthesis steps

1. Skin is exposed to UV light. 2. The precursor molecule, 7-dehydrocholesterol, is converted in cholecalciferol. 3. Cholecalciferol is released into blood; travels to liver and kidneys to form acttive vitamin D3. 4. Hydroxide ions are added to cholecalciferol 5. Active vitamin D (calcitriol) is formed.

Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of developing skin cancer?

A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes

Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following statements explains why decubitus ulcers are of concern in elderly patients?

Elderly individuals have more fragile skin due to loss of collagen fibers in the dermis, increasing the likelihood of tissue damage.

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.

Epidermis

apocrine sweat glands

Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin; Secrete products into hair follicles; Produce sticky, cloudy secretions; Break down and cause odors;

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?

Lipid-soluble substances

Describe the movement of melanin in the skin.

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes.

critical burns

Over 25% of the body has second-degree burns, over 10% of the body has third-degree burns ,there are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet

This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.

Psoriasis

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

Reticular layer of dermis

Which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands is false?

Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

mammary glands

Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

Stratum corneum

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

Stratum corneum

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

Stratum granulosum

Which of the following is an example of sensation function of the integumentary system?

Temperature receptors detecting a warm cloth placed on the skin

arrector pili muscle

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

Which of the following statements concerning hair structure is true?

Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.

Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?

Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.

Some acne drugs include peroxides that increase 'peeling' or shedding of skin. The main side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible hair loss at contact areas. Do these drugs have an effect on the sebum-production?

Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is __________.

albinism

Kerantinocytes

an epidermal cell that produces keratin.

Body odor results from secretions from the __________ sweat glands.

apocrine

Body odor results from secretions from the __________ sweat glands. Multiple Choice

apocrine

eccrine sweat glands

are distributed over the majority of the areas of the body but are most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will

become pale

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,

body heat is conserved

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

If burned on hands, face, and feet these burns are always _______

critical

The outer surface of the hair is called the __________.

cuticle

All of the following are complication of a major burn except

decreased protein demand.

Another name for a bedsore is __________.

decubitus ulcer

cleavage lines

directions in which the skin is most resistant to stretch

Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or __________.

eczema

Langerhans cells

epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived.

epidermis

When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called __________.

erythema

By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in __________.

immunity

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?

increased immunity

When comparing the dermis with the subcutaneous tissue, the dermis

is divided into two layers; the subcutaneous layer is not.

Thick skin

is found in areas subject to pressure or friction, such as the palms.

Vitamin D

is important for the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Its primary role is to stimulate the uptake of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine.

Baldness

is more common in men than in women.

The dermis

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

Cells of the integumentary system

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells

The central axis of the hair is the __________.

medulla

The vesicles that contain melanin are called __________.

melanosomes

The distal portion of the nail is the __________.

nail body

Nail cells are produced by the __________.

nail matrix

The proximal portion of the nail is the __________.

nail root

sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

ceruminous glands

produce ear wax

Nails

protect the ends of the digits

The length of hair is determined by the

rate of hair growth

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

Adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy.

metastasize

spreading through tissues

The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the __________.

stratum basale

The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the __________.

stratum basale

The __________ is a major site of lipid storage in the body.

subcutaneous layer

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called __________ hairs.

terminal

Fingernails are comprised of

thin, dead scaly cells

Which type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain?

third-degree

Merkel cells

touch receptors in the skin

Number 1 concern for critical burn patient

water loss

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?

white