Chapter 5 -Integumentary A&P
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
Intact skin provides protection because
it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.
functions of integumentary system
protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin d production, excretion
The nail is composed of cells of the __________.
stratum corneum
The dermis layer is made up of two layers, which are the:
superficial papillary layer, deep reticular layer
integumentary system
consists of skin, hair, nails, and glands
Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?
dermatitis
A burn classified as partial thickness could be __________.
first or second degree
A slight sunburn is an example of a __________ burn.
first-degree
Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous?
freckles
Which type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?
full-thickness
Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of __________.
hair
An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the __________.
hair bulb
Damage to which portion of a hair follicle will most affect hair growth?
hair bulb
The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the __________.
hair shaft
malignant
harmful
benign
harmless
Which of the following is NOT a type of burn?
Primary burn
Vitamin D synthesis steps
1. Skin is exposed to UV light. 2. The precursor molecule, 7-dehydrocholesterol, is converted in cholecalciferol. 3. Cholecalciferol is released into blood; travels to liver and kidneys to form acttive vitamin D3. 4. Hydroxide ions are added to cholecalciferol 5. Active vitamin D (calcitriol) is formed.
Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of developing skin cancer?
A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes
Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following statements explains why decubitus ulcers are of concern in elderly patients?
Elderly individuals have more fragile skin due to loss of collagen fibers in the dermis, increasing the likelihood of tissue damage.
This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.
Epidermis
apocrine sweat glands
Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin; Secrete products into hair follicles; Produce sticky, cloudy secretions; Break down and cause odors;
One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?
Lipid-soluble substances
Describe the movement of melanin in the skin.
Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
critical burns
Over 25% of the body has second-degree burns, over 10% of the body has third-degree burns ,there are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.
Psoriasis
Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?
Reticular layer of dermis
Which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands is false?
Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
mammary glands
Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young
Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.
Stratum corneum
This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.
Stratum corneum
In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?
Stratum granulosum
Which of the following is an example of sensation function of the integumentary system?
Temperature receptors detecting a warm cloth placed on the skin
arrector pili muscle
The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.
Which of the following statements concerning hair structure is true?
Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?
Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
Some acne drugs include peroxides that increase 'peeling' or shedding of skin. The main side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible hair loss at contact areas. Do these drugs have an effect on the sebum-production?
Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is __________.
albinism
Kerantinocytes
an epidermal cell that produces keratin.
Body odor results from secretions from the __________ sweat glands.
apocrine
Body odor results from secretions from the __________ sweat glands. Multiple Choice
apocrine
eccrine sweat glands
are distributed over the majority of the areas of the body but are most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will
become pale
Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,
body heat is conserved
Melanocytes
cells that produce melanin
If burned on hands, face, and feet these burns are always _______
critical
The outer surface of the hair is called the __________.
cuticle
All of the following are complication of a major burn except
decreased protein demand.
Another name for a bedsore is __________.
decubitus ulcer
cleavage lines
directions in which the skin is most resistant to stretch
Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or __________.
eczema
Langerhans cells
epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived.
epidermis
When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called __________.
erythema
By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in __________.
immunity
Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?
increased immunity
When comparing the dermis with the subcutaneous tissue, the dermis
is divided into two layers; the subcutaneous layer is not.
Thick skin
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction, such as the palms.
Vitamin D
is important for the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Its primary role is to stimulate the uptake of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine.
Baldness
is more common in men than in women.
The dermis
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
Cells of the integumentary system
keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells
The central axis of the hair is the __________.
medulla
The vesicles that contain melanin are called __________.
melanosomes
The distal portion of the nail is the __________.
nail body
Nail cells are produced by the __________.
nail matrix
The proximal portion of the nail is the __________.
nail root
sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands
produce ear wax
Nails
protect the ends of the digits
The length of hair is determined by the
rate of hair growth
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
Adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer
serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy.
metastasize
spreading through tissues
The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the __________.
stratum basale
The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the __________.
stratum basale
The __________ is a major site of lipid storage in the body.
subcutaneous layer
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called __________ hairs.
terminal
Fingernails are comprised of
thin, dead scaly cells
Which type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain?
third-degree
Merkel cells
touch receptors in the skin
Number 1 concern for critical burn patient
water loss
Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?
white
