Chapter 6 Human Population

What does the S that is sometimes included in the I = PAT equation stand for?

sensitivity, to denote how sensitive a given environment is to these pressures that cause more damage for sensitive habitats

The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red?

The people in that age class are past reproductive age.

Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true?

statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true? Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.

Which of the following statements about growth rate and population size is true?

If the growth rate remains steady, population size will continue to increase by greater increments with each generation.

When do smaller numbers of people have larger ecological footprints?

when they are from affluent, wealthier nations

The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________.

increasing

Which of the following is an input to a given population?

Immigration

__________ death rates and __________ infant mortality rates are due in large part to technological advances, improved sanitation, and better medical care in developed countries.

Lower; lower

Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014.

The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.

What does the T stand for in the IPAT model?

technology

How do women cause a reduction in the TFR?

through empowerment, personal choice and education

a. post-reproductive age b. reproductive age c. pre-reproductive age d. poulation decreasing e. population increasing rapidly f. stable population

1. Developed nations 2. Developing nations 3. Developing nations 4. Developed nations 5. Developing nations 6. Developed nations 7. Developed nations

Concept Review: Calculating Doubling Time Can you calculate doubling times and growth rates for exponentially growing populations? Remember that the doubling time (in years) for an exponentially growing population is estimated by dividing 70 by the growth rate of the population (as a percentage): Doubling time (in years) = 70 / annual growth rate (%) Part A: Drag the values on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all values will be used.

23 18 10 5 2

If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how long will it take to double its population?

35 years

Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?

A for affluence.

What occurs during the final stage, the post-industrial stage, of the demographic transition model?

Both the birth rate and the death rate continue on at very low levels

Why do we study demography?

Demography investigates the relationship between population ecology and population changes.

Which was Thomas Malthus's argument?

He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then the population would come under check because of war, disease, and starvation.

What is the sex ratio in China because of the one-child policy?

It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth.

Which large country is currently experiencing zero or even negative population growth?

Russia

When birth rates decline, what happens to a given population?

The average age of the population grows older

In 1900, there were approximately 1.75 billion humans on Earth; in 1950, there were approximately 2.3 billion; in the year 2025, approximately 8 billion people will inhabit the biosphere. In the period between 1900 and 2025, what has happened to the human population?

The intervals between population doublings are decreasing.

Which of these statements about the growth of the human population is true?

The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger.

Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1?

The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.

Why are diseases such as AIDS, which reduce population density, undermining the ability of developing countries to make the transition to more modern, industrialized societies?

They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class.

Which of the following populations will most likely be stable over time?

a population with an approximately equal number of individuals who are elderly and people who are of pre-reproductive and reproductive age

Drag the labels to the appropriate targets. Pink labels indicate what each age class represents. Blue labels indicate how the population is expected to change over time.

a. post-reproductive age b. reproductive age c. pre-reproductive age d. poulation decreasing e. population increasing rapidly f. stable population

In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger?

about 0.6 million

What causes a decline in fertility rates?

an increase in family planning and birth control

What will China's age structure look like several decades from now due to its one-child policy?

an inverted pyramid

Which of the following was a factor in helping to reduce total fertility rate of developed countries in the recent past?

better medical care

What does the left y-axis of the graph represent?

birth rate or death rate

What is the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain?

carrying capacity

Which term describes the amount of cumulative land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of the waste that is produced?

ecological footprint

Which of the following has experienced the greatest decline in population growth rate from 1950-2010?

more developed regions

When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population?

population growth rate slows

Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?

population, affluence, technology.

Of the following, which provide the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?

rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration

What keeps a population size stable?

replacement fertility

Interpreting Graphs and Data: Comparing Population Age-Structure Graphs Part A: Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent?

the age classes, in 5-year ranges

For the foreseeable future, which types of countries will see the greatest increases in population number?

the countries that are poorest and least able to support population growth.

What is meant by "family planning"?

the effort to plan the number and spacing of one's children

What do the bars on the graphs represent?

the number of males and females in each age group

What is significant about the period in a woman's life between sexual maturity and menopause?

the reproductive window