Chapter 6 -Lecture Quiz 🌸🌸🌸

During a needle biopsy of a person's bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer , pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because it is richly supplied with nerves.

True

Osteocytes within lacunae are only found in compact bone and not within the trabeculae of spongy bone.

False

Bones can only assist in providing movement when they tugged on by the appropriate skeletal muscles.

True

Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains an extracellular matrix that surrounds widely spaced cells.

True

Which is NOT a part of the events that result in parathyroid hormone's control of blood calcium levels?

PTH acts on the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to increase the level of the hormone calcitonin

In a newborn, all bone marrow is red, which means all of the infant's marrow can make blood cells.

True

Gravity and the pull of muscles against bone are the main mechanical stresses experienced by bone. Stress promotes deposition of mineral salts, collagen, and the strengthening of bone in stressed areas. Which of the following individuals would have a lower rate of bone deposition and would therefore be at greater risk for bone loss through bone resorption?

a secretary who works at a desk job and does not do any regular weight-bearing exercise

Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?

calcium and phosphorus

When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?

cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts

An elderly woman trips and falls. She puts out her hand to try to stop her fall, and ends up with a fracture of the lower arm. An x-ray shows that at the break, many pieces of bone have a splintered and fragmented appearance. Which type of fracture does this woman have?

comminuted fracture

Which of the following hormones, in both adult males and females, ultimately ends growth of long bones at the epiphyseal plate? (This happens sooner in women than in men, and so men on average are taller than women).

estrogen

Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process.

intramembranous ossification

Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes.

lacunae

Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body?

nerve cells require extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) for proper functioning Ca2+ is a cofactor needed for many enzymes to function properly Ca2+ is required for the process of blood clotting Ca2+ is needed by muscle cells for contraction all of these are important roles of calcium in the body

Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?

osteoclast

Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells?

osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes

Bone tissue stores 99% of the body's calcium. Calcium plays important roles beyond the mineralization of bones. The exchange of calcium between bone and body fluids (especially the blood) is regulated by several hormones. Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Stan is a 35 year old man who is a dedicated long distance runner. He spends hours every week running along neighborhood streets. Recently Stan has had to go to the doctor due to pain in his lower legs that intensifies when he tries to run. There is no swelling or obvious damage, so he is surprised to hear the doctor say he has a fracture of his tibia. Stan is most likely to have which type of fracture?

stress fracture

With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?

with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength