Chapter 7

Scolosis

Abnormal lateral curvature int he thoracic region

Vertebrochondral rib

Anatomical name for false ribs; middle 5 pair of ribs

Vertebral

Anatomical name for floating ribs; last 2 pair of ribs

Vertebrosternal ribs

Anatomical name for true ribs; first seven pairs of ribs

Kyphosis

Anterior curvature that occurs in the thoracic region

Fontanels

Areas of unossified tissue at birth

Transverse Process

Between pedicles and laminae; projects laterally and posteriorly

Zygomatic Bone

Commonly called cheekbones.

1 sacrum

Consists of five fused sacral vertebrae

Lordosis

Curvature that occurs in the lumbar region

Large vertebral foramen, stumpy spinous process, bifid

Distinctive features of typical cervical vertebra

Nasal Septum

Divides the interior of nasal cavity into right and left sides

Orbit

Eye socket

Atlas

First cervical vertebra

Maxillae

For the upper jawbone and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Lacrimal Bones

Form part of the medial wall of each orbit

Nasal Bones

Form the bridge of the nose

Temporal Bones

Form the lateral aspects and floor of the cranium

Palatine Bones

Form the posterior portion of the hard palate

Parietal Bones

Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Coccyx

Formed by fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae

Frontal Bone

Forms the forhead

Vomer

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

Occipital Bone

Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium.

Intervertebral disks

Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage, thoracic vertebrae

Four parts that form the thoracic cage

Protect internal organs, Supports bones, role in breathing

Function of thoracic cage

Sound/ moisten/ prolong sound/ reduce weight

Functions of Paranasal Sinuses

Supports Tongue, Provides attachment for muscles

Functions of hyoid bone

Form strong joints, permit various movements, absorb shock

Functions of intervertebral disks

Sites for muscles and ligaments to attach

Functions of spinous and transverse processes

Protects spinal cord, supports head, point of attachment

Functions of vertebral column

Sulcus

Furrow along a bone surface that accommodates a BV, nerve, or tendon

8

How many bones make up the cranial cavity?

22

How many bones make up the skull (cranium)?

14

How many facial bones form the face?

12

How many pairs of ribs

Sutures

Immovable joints that fuse most of the skull bones together.

Xiphoid Process

Inferior smallest portion of the sternum

Spinous Process

Laminae arise from pedicles and fuse in the back to form what

Condyle

Large, round protuberance at the end of a bone

Tuberosity

Large, rounded, usually roughened projection.

Sphenoid Bone

Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull.

Sternum

Located along midline in anterior portion of thoracic cage

Ethmoid Bone

Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits

Line

Long narrow ridge or border.

Mandible

Lower jawbone; the only movable skull bone.

Body

Middle largest portion of the sternum

Fissure

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which BV or nerve passes

Foramen

Opening thorugh which BV, nerves, or ligaments pass

Foramina

Openings for BV, nerves, or ligaments of the skull.

Intervertebral Foramina

Openings found between adjacent vertebrae where spinal nerves pass through and connect to spinal cord

Vertebral foramen

Pedicles, laminae, and spinous process togehter complete a bony vertebral arch around what; spinal cord passes

Epicondyle

Projection above a condyle.

Processes

Projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachment points for CT, such as ligaments and tendons

Crest

Prominent ridge or elongated projection.

Head

Rounded articular projection supported on the neck (constricted portion) of a bone.

Axis

Second cervical vertebra

Nasal/ Orbits/ Paranasal sinuses

Several smaller cavities formed in the skull.

Fossa

Shallow depression

Spinous Process

Sharp slender projection.

Tubercle

Small, rounded prjection

Facet

Smooth flat articular surface.

Body

Supports the weight of head and trunk

12 thoracic

vertebrae posterior to the thoracic cavity

5 lumbar

vertebrae that support lower back

1 coccyx

consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae

Conchae

Thin projections which are lined by mucous membranes.

Sutures/ Paranasal sinuses/ Fontanels

Three Unique features of the skull.

Spine, backbone, spinal column

Three other names for the Vertebral Column

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

Three parts of the sternum

Dens

Toothlike structure on its body

Sacrum

Triangular bone formed by union of five sacral vertebrae; serves as strong foundation of pelvic girdle

Manubrium

Triangular, superior portion of sternum

Meatus

Tub-like opening

Cranial and Facial

Two categories of the bones of the skull

Depressions and Openings

Two major types of surface markings

Laminae

Two plates that arise from the pedicles

Pedicles

Two short stalks that are projected posteriorly from each vertebral body

Special sense organs and brain

Two things that cranial and facial bones protect and support.

Lambdoid/ Squamous/ Sagittal/ Coronal

Types of sutures

7 Cervical

Vertebrae in the neck

Thoracic Vertebrae

Vertebrae that articulates with the ribs

Lumbar Vertebrae

Vertebrae that provides attachment for large back muscles

Trochanter

Very large projection.

Increase column strength, helps maintain balance, absorb shock

Why the vertebral column is curved