Chapter 7

Who took the lead in establishing the Washington administration's domestic priorities? a. Alexander Hamilton b. George Washington c. JohnMarshall d. Thomas Jefferson e. John Adams

a. Alexander Hamilton

How did Benjamin Banneker appeal to Thomas Jefferson in 1791 to end slavery and free the slaves? a. Banneker sent Jefferson a copy of the Declaration of Independence to remind Jefferson of the hypocrisy of writing "that all men are created equal" while still being a slaveholder b. Banneker told Jefferson it would help ensure Jefferson's bid for the presidency in 1800 because newly freed blacks would vote for him c. BannekerpromisedJeffersonaplaceofhonoronhisanti-slaverycommittee-which included many notables of the day d. Banneker enlisted the support of Jefferson's wife, who then tried to convince her husband to take up the cause e. None of these choices

a. Banneker sent Jefferson a copy of the Declaration of Independence to remind Jefferson of the hypocrisy of writing "that all men are created equal" while still being a slaveholder

Which issue led to the development of political coalitions during Washington's first term? a. Hamilton's financial program b. The creation of the federal court system c. Interference with American shipping by France and Britain d. Washington's successor e. The disputed election of 1792

a. Hamilton's financial program

Eli Whitney's 1793 invention of the cotton gin is significant because: a. It breathed new life into slavery by making cotton production simpler b. It was essential to establishing textile mills in America c. It was the first invention to receive a patent from the new US government d. It made him rich and served as an example to other Americans and the world that the American experiment in democracy worked e. All of these choices

a. It breathed new life into slavery by making cotton production simpler

What did the Treaty of Greenville do? a. It opened most of modern-day Ohio to white settlement and ended Indian hostilities there b. It opened New Orleans to American shippers and guaranteed American rights to use the Mississippi River c. It reopened the British West Indies to American commerce d. It reopened French possessions to American trade e. It reestablished cordial Anglo-American relations

a. It opened most of modern-day Ohio to white settlement and ended Indian hostilities there

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the nature of "work" in the United States before the nineteenth century? a. Nearly everyone worked in a household setting b. Because the "service sector" of the economy had not yet developed, nearly everyone worked in factories c. Most unmarried daughters worked in department stores in order to supplement family income d. Unmarried males tended to be unemployed and viewed with suspicion e. Most workers exchanged their work for food and housing

a. Nearly everyone worked in a household setting

How did the French Revolution further exacerbate sectional politics in the United States? a. Republicans supported France's assault on monarchy; Federalists favored Britain and denounced the French as a "mobocracy" b. Southerners favored Britain because they believed that the British offered the best potential market for southern agricultural exports c. Almost all Americans applauded the struggle because they hoped that the two nations would knock each other out and leave the United States as the premier nation in the Atlantic world d. New Englanders favored France because of the alliance signed during the American Revolution and because of their desire to see the French humiliate King George III e. New Englanders, southerners, and most residents of the Middle Atlantic states believed that the Washington administration's declaration of American neutrality was the only way to ensure the survival of their young republic

a. Republicans supported France's assault on monarchy; Federalists favored Britain and denounced the French as a "mobocracy"

Which of the following statements concerning the Battle of Fallen Timbers is not true? a. Tecumseh commanded the Shawnee Indians in the battle b. General "Mad Anthony" Wayne commanded the American forces in the battle c. Indian morale plummeted after the battle d. Great Britain refused to help the Indians in the battle e. American forces routed the Shawnee

a. Tecumseh commanded the Shawnee Indians in the battle

What was the central charge that Republicans aimed at Federalists during the late 1790s? a. They had become a faction bent on enriching wealthy citizens and creating an aristocracy b. They were free-thinking libertines who planned to eliminate religion in the United States c. They were plotting a reign of terror and wished to turn the nation over to France d. They favored an agrarian society and thus were out of touch with the economic forces transforming the nation e. They were too local in their outlook, and changing times needed an international perspective

a. They had become a faction bent on enriching wealthy citizens and creating an aristocracy

What issue united westerners, southerners, and some mid-Atlantic citizens into a political coalition that challenged the Federalists and called for a return to the "true principles" of republicanism? a. a national economic program whose main beneficiaries seemed to some segments of American society to be eastern "monied men" and New Englanders who refused to pay their debts b. the attempt by George Washington to run for a second term even though he had not delivered on his campaign promises c. John Adams's statement that he should be addressed as one would address a king d. a breakdown of law and order on the frontier and the suspicion that the Federalists cared only about protecting their investments in the shipping industry e. the refusal of federalists in Congress to agree to a balanced-budget amendment to the constitution

a. a national economic program whose main beneficiaries seemed to some segments of American society to be eastern "monied men" and New Englanders who refused to pay their debts

Why did Alexander Hamilton want the federal government to support manufacturing? a. He believed it would eliminate farming as an important component of the economy b. He believed it would create a more diversified and prosperous economy c. He believed it would allow the United States to become the world's leading textile producer d. He believed it would eliminate the influence of France in the United States e. He believed it would increase the federal government powers in relation to the states

b. He believed it would create a more diversified and prosperous economy

What made Jay's Treaty controversial? a. It ended the British practice of impressments by promising to look the other way at Britain's b. It arranged for withdrawal of British troops from American soil, and granted access to British West Indies markets but only by bargaining away US rights to load cargoes of sugar, molasses and coffee from the French during wartime c. It reopened the French West Indies trade to American ships but closed lucrative markets in the British West Indies d. It won recognition of the thirty-first parallel as the United States' southern boundary but required the U.S. to relinquish its rights to Louisiana e. It settled the issue of compensation for slaves taken during the Revolution at less than half their actual value

b. It arranged for withdrawal of British troops from American soil, and granted access to British West Indies markets but only by bargaining away US rights to load cargoes of sugar, molasses and coffee from the French during wartime

How did the United States government respond to France's declaration of war on Britain in 1793? a. It declared war against France b. It proclaimed neutrality c. It reaffirmed the 1778 Franco-American alliance d. It seized the western forts occupied by Britain e. It declared war against Britain

b. It proclaimed neutrality

Which of the following didthe Bill of Rights not do? a. It guaranteed personal liberties such as public debate, religious beliefs, and procedures for a fair trial b. It specified explicit limits on federal power c. It reserved to the people or the states powers not allocated to the federal government under the Constitution d. It protected citizens from the tyranny of standing armies e. It prohibited cruel and unusual punishments

b. It specified explicit limits on federal power

What was the XYZ affair? a. It was an incident where a British ship attacked and American naval vessel without warning b. It was an effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate c. It was the first time that the United States tried to publish its own English dictionary d. It was an attempt by Thomas Jefferson to persuade undecided electors to vote for him e. It was the first scandal in American presidential history when George Washington was caught cheating on his income taxes

b. It was an effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate

While Hamilton promoted factories as the key to the nation's economic future, Jefferson emphasized farming because a. America had so much land that it seemed to offer opportunities for social mobility to a wide segment of the population b. Jefferson saw factories as celebrating subservience and stifling the virtue that farm life cultivated c. Jefferson believed that farming would promote emigration and provide employment and food for the new nation d. Jefferson believed most of the goods that factories produced could be imported; therefore, America didn't need to rely on its own industrialization e. None of these choices

b. Jefferson saw factories as celebrating subservience and stifling the virtue that farm life cultivated

In the late eighteenth century, what did many Americans think about political parties? a. Political parties were necessary instruments for identifying and mobilizing public opinion b. Political parties were factions and inherently corrupt c. Political parties could function as the practical embodiment of different social classes and regions d. Political parties would provide stability and a sense of tradition to a system that otherwise would unravel at the seams e. Political parties were an essential part of the great tradition of English democracy to which Americans were heirs

b. Political parties were factions and inherently corrupt

Beginning in the late 1790s, which of the following events helped to shape African Americans' response to slavery? a. The rise of a widespread abolitionist movement in Virginia b. The bloody slave revolt on Saint Domingue and the abortive slave insurrection in Virginia c. The formation of political parties d. Congress's attempts to abolish slavery e. All of these choices

b. The bloody slave revolt on Saint Domingue and the abortive slave insurrection in Virginia

What basic belief did Hamilton's domestic program reflect? a. The survival of the federal government depended on the republican virtues of the common people b. The federal government and national economy had to be strengthened c. America's best opportunity for economic survival lay in its traditional source of strength, agriculture d. The nation would be economically strong if it forged close trading ties with both Britain and France e. The states needed to reassert power over the national government, because individual self-sacrifice and virtue were most effective on the local level

b. The federal government and national economy had to be strengthened

During the early years of the United States, what happened to many Native American tribes? a. They embraced Revolutionary ideology and assumed roles of equality in white society b. They experienced a social, demographic, and political crisis c. They grew in power and strength d. They moved to reservations, where their privacy and safety was to be guaranteed by the federal government e. They experienced a revival of their traditional cultures

b. They experienced a social, demographic, and political crisis

In terms of the nation's economy, Hamilton regarded debt as a. destructive, certain to dig a hole that would bury the new nation b. a good thing because it would tie those in debt to the nation's future success c. neither bad nor good; just a fact of life d. None of these choices e. All of these choices

b. a good thing because it would tie those in debt to the nation's future success

Why did Seneca women reject some of Handsome Lake's proposals for revitalizing his tribe? a. Because he accused many women of witchcraft b. Because they feared it would lead more of their husbands to loss of land and to alcoholism c. Because the white customs he wanted to adopt would mean a radical shift in gender roles and a loss of women's political influence and control of farming d. Because he wanted all the Seneca people to convert to Catholicism and embrace civilization e. Because his entire program for revitalization was based on a dream he had

c. Because the white customs he wanted to adopt would mean a radical shift in gender roles and a loss of women's political influence and control of farming

Who did the United States fight in the Quasi-War? a. Spain b. Great Britain c. France d. Russia e. Portugal

c. France

Which of the following issues was not a reason why the 1800 presidential election was so significant? a. It was the first American election where the political party controlling the presidency changed b. The House of Representatives decided who the president would be c. George Washington set the precedent of not running for a third term as president d. Thomas Jefferson was elected to the first of his two terms as president e. Only when the election had been settled did it seem certain that the United States would endure

c. George Washington set the precedent of not running for a third term as president

Who was Citizen Genêt? a. He was one of the French representatives who had demanded a bribe in the XYZ Affair b. He was the leader of a slave uprising on Saint Domingue in 1791 c. He was the French official sent to the United States to enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack British shipping d. He was the leader of the Creek Indians who signed a peace treaty with the United States permitting whites to occupy lands in the Georgia piedmont e. He was the English spy who called John Adams "His Majestic Fatness"

c. He was the French official sent to the United States to enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack British shipping

Which of the following does not apply to developments in the North Pacific toward the end of the eighteenth century? a. Commercial and imperial expansion in the North Pacific by both Americans and Europeans b. European-borne diseases inflicted massive mortality on such indigenous peoples as the Inuits, Aleuts, Northwest Coast and California Indians, and Native Hawaiians c. Russian traders and Spanish missionaries embarked on a new era of peace and cooperation with the Native Americans of the region, in an effort to build new alliances against the United States d. The chief of the island of Hawaii conquered the entire Hawaiian archipelago and proclaim himself its king in large measure because British officials provided him with arms e. Native peoples throughout the region altered their work patterns to produce skins and incorporated objects of metal, cloth, and other new materials into their daily lives and religious ceremonies

c. Russian traders and Spanish missionaries embarked on a new era of peace and cooperation with the Native Americans of the region, in an effort to build new alliances against the United States

Why did Nancy Ward advocate for peace between her fellow Cherokees and the United States in the late 1780s? a. She was tired of war b. She embraced the new republic of the United States and saw promise in its values c. She thought that it was futile to continue to try to resist the superior military power of the United States d. She thought that by declaring peace, the Cherokee would get their land back e. All of these choices

c. She thought that it was futile to continue to try to resist the superior military power of the United States

When Alexander Hamilton argued that Congress had the constitutional authority to establish a national bank, what was the basis of his assertion? a. Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution explicitly states that Congress has the authority to regulate banks b. The Ninth Amendment to the Constitution states any powers not contained in the Constitution are reserved to Congress c. The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties d. Article 2, section 3 of the Constitution allows the president as the chief executive of the country to establish any institution he sees fit e. The Tenth Amendment states that Congress can assume powers if those powers are implied in the Constitution

c. The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties

What was the strongest argument against Hamilton's Bank of the United States? a. The Bank of England had undermined the integrity of the British government, and a national bank would undermine the integrity of the American government b. The bank would accumulate immense wealth c. The Constitution had given Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporation d. The nation should avoid commercial activity and should remain true to its agrarian roots e. Smaller state banks could do the job more efficiently

c. The Constitution had given Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporation

In his farewell address, George Washington advised that the United States should a. build upon its friendly relations with France b. maintain a close alliance with Great Britain c. steer clear of party factionalism and avoid foreign entanglements d. act as an impartial arbitrator in international disputes e. maintain a large standing army

c. steer clear of party factionalism and avoid foreign entanglements

What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion? a. The new republic was not as unified as leaders hoped; there were serious regional and class tensions b. Washington's response to protesters sent a clear message that dissent could be expressed only through the constitutional system of laws and elections, not through armed rebellion c. It marked the first challenge to federal authority d. All of these choices e. None of these choices

d. All of these choices

Which of the following departments was not part of George Washington's first cabinet? a. State Department b. Treasury Department c. WarDepartment d. Commerce Department e. Justice Department

d. Commerce Department

Who won the 1796 presidential election? a. Aaron Burr b. George Clinton c. Thomas Jefferson d. John Adams e. Alexander Hamilton

d. John Adams

Why did the southern states vote for Hamilton's plan to assume state debts? a. Most of them had been unable to pay off their debts and stood to gain from federal assumption of that debt b. Most southern senators and congressmen had speculated in state bonds and would make large profits if they were repaid in full by the federal government c. Southerners believed that a stronger union would benefit the South more than other sections of the nation d. Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia e. Most of them had no bonds outstanding and so stood to neither lose nor gain by the proposal

d. Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia

Which statement best assesses the Washington administration's policy of pacifying the northwestern and southwestern Indian tribes to weaken their friendship with Britain and Spain? a. New Englanders derailed it because they feared disrupting commercial relations with Britain b. It constituted the greatest diplomatic triumph of the administration c. When France's revolutionary government sent Citizen Genet to the frontier to recruit Native Americans for the French side, the policy collapsed d. The Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts went largely unenforced e. The policy backfired when Britain and Spain declared war on the United States to defend the Indian tribes

d. The Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts went largely unenforced

At the end of the 18th century, farm women applied new technologies to butter production, while many farmers built barns to shelter cows. Why? a. There was less acreage available for growing hay b. European competition was forcing many small farms out of business c. Men and women wanted to be able to work in separate buildings d. There was a desire to increase dairy production to meet growing urban demand e. A new movement for the humane treatment of animals was sweeping the East Coast

d. There was a desire to increase dairy production to meet growing urban demand

Why are the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions so significant to American history? a. They established the precedent that states had the right to secede from the union b. They showed the resolve of Southern states to resist the elimination of slavery c. They forced Federalists to recognize the importance of including a bill of rights in the constitution d. They made the claim that a state had the right to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional e. They asserted that only states could pass laws related to settlement

d. They made the claim that a state had the right to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional

How did republicanism come to influence women's roles in the new nation? a. In some states, women not only voted, but they could swing the election toward a particular candidate or party b. Women increasingly gained the right to choose their own husbands instead of submitting to arranged marriages c. Women were seen as helping create future virtuous leaders in their sons which led to greater educational opportunities d. None of these choices e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

What did the Sedition Act do? a. It forbade any individual to oppose any law of the United States b. It made it illegal to speak, write, or print any statement about the president that would put him into disrepute c. It was designed to be in effect for only three years d. It defined criminal activity so broadly that it blurred any real distinction between sedition and legitimate political discussion e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is an example of the growing complexity of American society after independence? a. There was a shift away from small-scale subsistence farming b. Many young men and young couples migrated westward c. Slavery expanded as a viable economic system d. Free blacks began to suffer an erosion of the political gains made after 1776 e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following was a British practice that damaged Anglo-American relations during the Washington administration? a. It confiscated foreign ships trading with the French Caribbean islands b. It forced American sailors to serve in the British navy c. It built new forts on American soil d. Canada's royal governor gave an inflammatory speech denying U.S. claims north of the Ohio River e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

How did the United States gain unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans? a. By sending 3,000 regulars and Kentucky militiamen across the river into Spanish territory b. By signing an alliance with France against Spain c. By purchasing New Orleans from the French d. By blockading the entrance to the Mississippi and starving the city into submission e. By negotiating an agreement with Spain, which came to be known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo

e. By negotiating an agreement with Spain, which came to be known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo

What role did newspapers play in American politics during the mid and late 1790s? a. They declined in circulation and became mainly the means for the elite to communicate among themselves b. They expanded in number and circulation and through their carefully reasoned articles and editorials helped to raise the quality of public discussion c. They declined dramatically in influence because both Republicans and Federalists turned against their incessant fear-mongering and character assassination d. They expanded in circulation but declined in influence because their focus tended to be on local society news and the latest entertainment gossip e. They expanded in number and circulation through fear mongering and character assassination, and were often libelous and irresponsible

e. They expanded in number and circulation through fear mongering and character assassination, and were often libelous and irresponsible